夸人美的诗句名词解释
1. Mutual exclusivity bias相互排斥倾向
九十英语A cognitive constraint in which children assume that an object is ordinarily not given two different names.
2. Mothere 母式语言
A form of adult-to-child speech characterized by relatively simple utterances,concrete referents指示物, exaggerated intonation patterns夸张的语调模式, and a high proportion of directive utterances指示话语.
3. Critical period hypothesis临界期假设
The view that there is a period early in life in which we are especially prepared to acquire a language.
4. Language bioprogram hypothesis语言生物程序假设
The hypothesis that children who environmental exposure to language is limited u a backup linguistic system.
5. Pidgin混杂语
力敌千钧An auxiliary辅助的language that is created when speakers of mutually unintelligible 无法理解的languages are in clo contact.
6. Language transfer 语言迁移
In cond-language acquisition, the process in which the first language influences the acquisition of a subquent后来的language.
7. Overregularization规则泛化
When a child a pplies a linguisitic rule to cas that ar e exceptions to the rule--for example, saying goed instead of went.
8. Holophra 表句词单词句
A one-word utterance ud by a child to express more than the meaning attributed to the word by adults.
9. Idiomorph ？
A sound or sound quence音序ud consistently by a child to refer to someone or something even though it is not the sound quence conventionally ud in the language for that purpo.
10. Coalescence合并
A phonological音位学的，音韵学的process in which phonemes音位，音素（the smallest unit of significant sound in a language）from different syllables音节are combined into a single syllable.
11. Reduction减少cluster reduction音群删略
A phonological process in child language in which one or more phonemes are deleted. Also called cluster reduction音群删略becau consonant clusters辅音群，两个或两个以上的辅音连在一起are often reduced, such as saying take for steak.
12. Assimilation 同化
A phonological process in which one speech sound replaced by another that is similar sounds elwhere in the utterance.
13. Common ground共识
The shared understanding of tho involved in the conversation.
14.Semantic bootstrapping语义引导
She spent years bootstrapping herlf through university.她靠自己多年奋斗念完大学The process of using mantics to acquire syntax.
15. Accommodation顺应
A phonological process in which elements that are shifted or deleted are adapted to their error-induced environments.
20. Psycholinguistics心理语言学
The study of the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language.
21. Aphasia失语症
A language or speech disorder caud by brain damage.
A mental condition in which people are unable to remember simple words or communicate.
22. Behaviorism行为主义
The doctrine that states that the proper concern of psychology should be the objective study of behavior rather than the study of the mind.
23. Distinctive features显著特征
The specification详述of the differences between speech sounds in terms of individual contrasts.
24. Obrvational adequacy观察充分性
The extent to which a grammar can distinguish betw een acceptable and unacceptable strings of words.
The grammar must specify what is and what is not acceptable quence in the language.语法能对原始的语言材料做出正确的选择
25.Descriptive adequacy描写充分性
The grammar must specify the relationships between various quences in the language. The extent to which a grammar can provide a structural description of a ntence.
肉丝面语法不仅应该能解释原始的语言材料，而且要正确解释说话人和听话人内在的语言能力。
26. Explanatory adequacy解释充分性
The extent to which a grammar can explain the facts of language acquisition.多肉名称
得到充分描写的语法应该揭示语言能力，还要把它与普遍语法联系起来以与人脑的初始状态联系并且揭示人类的认知系统
27.Transformational-generative grammar转换生成语法书上P33
By a GENERATIVE GRAMMAR, Chomsky simply means "a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assigns structural descriptions to ntences". He believes that every speaker of a language has mastered and internalized a generative grammar that express his knowledge of his language. "
双鱼女狮子男Thus a generative grammar attempts to specify what the speaker actually know s, not what he may report about his knowledge" (Chomsky, 1965).
28. Psychological reality心理现实性
P40
纯阳殿29. Core grammar核心语法
惺惺相惜是什么意思
30. Working memory工作记忆区工作存储器
A form of memory with both storage and processing functions.
Working memory is ud to hold information for a short period of time as well as to perform various operations on the stored information.
31. Memory span记忆广度存储器容量
A person's memory span is the number of items t hat can be reliably recalled in the correct order.
Memory span is the longest list of items that a person can repeat back in correct order immediately after prentation on 50% of all trials.
32. Episodic memory情景记忆
The r ecollection of events within their historical ttings.
The division of permanent memory in which personally experienced information is stored.
33. Semantic memory语义记忆
The portion of permanent memory that contains organized knowledge of words, concepts, symbols, and obj ects. See also internal lexicon.
34. Parallel processing平行加工
When two or more processs take place at the same time.
