THE WOLFENDEN REPORT
服务员REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HOMOSEXUAL OFFENSES AND PROSTITUTION
小儿胎记4 September 1957
INTRODUCTION
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It is to the great credit of the Church of England that, through the pressure of its Moral Welfare Council, this official document was prepared for the British Parliament. The members of the committee and their advisors brought great talent and immen dedication to their task. In arriving at their conclusions, they took into account the scientific facts, the ntiment of the community, the wisdom of legal and scientific experts, the structure of the law, and the ideals of a civilized society. It would be difficult to imagine how this procedure could have been improved upon. How rarely is it possible to say as much of official investigations!
Prostitution and homoxuality rank high in the kingdom of evils. They have in common t
he fact that they exist illegally to provide relief for physiological and emotional tensions which, in theory, could and should find other outlets. The first makes criminals of thousands of girls and women for the sake of male "customers" who are charged with no offen. Prostitution themes make amusing fare for motion picture and musical comedy fans; audiences laugh heartily and commend the clever spectacle to their friends. They can do this only becau they know almost nothing of the sordid, mirable, stultifying, syphilitic existence of the girls who look so cute in the movie stories. This committee was under no such illusions.
The cond evil studied by the committee is also an open cret. Homoxuality ruins the lives of millions and breaks the hearts of millions more, but it, too, is treated by the public with a mixture of jest, supercilious denial, and horrified condemnation. The ugly facts of this evil, also, were looked at by the members of the committee calmly, persistently, reflectively. The committee came up with recommendations which in substance amount to removing the quality of criminality from homo-xual relations as such. Rape, assault, duction, and all other overt aggressions making u of homoxu
ality remain crimes as before, but homoxual relationships between adults by mutual connt and in privacy are, it is suggested, not within the province of the criminal law and should be removed from the statutes. Certain modifications were also recommended regarding the legal attitude toward female prostitutes.
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Many people assume that what the law calls a crime, the church calls sin, and psychiatry calls sickness. But there is, prently, a marked tendency to correct this equation. This report is especially valuable, declared the former Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher, becau it makes a clear distinction between crime and sin. "Certainly some things are sins," said he, "which need not be considered crimes." Indeed it is better from many standpoints that they not be considered crimes. But can an act be both a sin and a sickness even when no longer a crime?女人入厕
Behavioral scientists would strongly concur in the recommenda-
tion of the committee that further scientific rearch be made into
the determining factors of the evils. Why are they so ubiquitous?
Why are they so insistent? Why are the "sins" so attractive? How
widespread is the propensity for them? What ems to favor them?
Are they an inevitable product of civilization? In what ways is so-
ciety responsible for them? Are we finding smug comfort in the thought that perhaps homoxuality is something hereditary, and
that it and prostitution are both ancient and inevitable problems?
Are we perhaps accepting a conventional pessimism regarding the
relief of the social and individual afflictions, garnishing our in-
activity with pious deplorings or sophisticated ignorings?
Less than a century ago the mentally ill were likewi regarded
as criminal, as degraded, and as hopeless. Their ntences to the
asylum were usually for life. Was their condition not something
晋城名吃known to mankind since the dawn of history? Some were cured by
miracles, to be sure, but in general was not talk about curing or pre-
venting the conditions either fatuous idealism or outright char-
latanry? Today more than 80 per cent of the "hopeless" patients
are discharged within a few months after admission to a modern
psychiatric hospital. Thousands more are successfully treated with-
out hospitalization. True, three-fourths of the state hospitals in the
United States still do not take advantage of this knowledge, and
脱氧保鲜剂still provide no treatment for the patients committed to their care.
But this is official negligence, not scientific ignorance. We know
美国介绍what to do for such individuals, and the more enlightened commu-
nities are doing it.
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PROCEDURAL AND GENERAL
Terms of Reference
1. We were appointed on 24th August, 1954, to consider:
(a) the law and practice relating to homoxual offens and the treatment of persons convicted of such offens by the courts; and
