给爸爸
第14单元弗•斯科特•菲茨杰拉德
14.1复习笔记
I.Introduction to author（作者简介）
1.Life（生平）
F.Scott Fitzgerald(1896-1940)was born into a St.Paul middle-class family.He had education first in private schools and then at Princeton.In1917he left Princeton and enlisted in the army.But he never went to the war.During the period of15months of rvice in the army,he fell in love with Zelda Sayre,the daughter of a judge.Zelda told Fitzgerald that she would marry him only if he could get up in the world.In1920Fitzgerald’s This Side of Paradi was published and became immenly popular.On the strength of this one successful book,he won the expressive prize of Zelda.The Fitzgeralds were not always happy in their married life.They were also fighting each other all the time.Zelda began to have breakdowns and had to be put in a mental institution.Loneliness,alcohol and the awareness that he wa牛年快乐
s dissipating his talent eventually combined to break him down.In the last year of his life,he began to write one very interesting novel,The Last Tycoon,which he never finished.In1940,he died at the age of44.
Fitzgerald was esntially a1920s person.His Tales of the Jazz gave its name to this crucial period in the cultural history of America.He was the spokesman of the Jazz Age.
弗·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德(1896—1940)出生于明尼苏达州首府圣保罗的一个中产阶级家庭。他被送进私立学校学习。后进入普林斯顿大学。1917年他离校入伍，但未出国参战。在部队服役的15个月期间，他爱上了一位法官的女儿，泽尔达·赛尔。泽尔达告诉菲茨杰拉德只有他飞黄腾达才能娶到她。1920年菲茨杰拉德的第一部小说《人间天堂》一经出版即大获成功。这部小说的成功还使得他赢得了泽尔达。菲茨杰拉德夫妇在一起并不幸福，他们之间的争吵愈演愈烈，后来泽尔达精神崩溃，被送进了精神病院。孤独寂寞，常借酒消愁，再加上感到自己在浪费才华，这些最终断送了这位英才。在其生命的最后一年，他开始写一部很有意义的小说《最后的大亨》，可惜未完成便在1940年与世长辞，年仅44岁。
菲尔人格测试
菲茨杰拉德是20世纪20年代最具代表性的作家。他的短篇小说集《爵士乐时代的故事》赋予了20年代特有的名字，他本人也成为“爵士乐时代”的代言人。
产品推广2.Major Works（主要作品）
This Side of Paradi(1920)《人间天堂》
咏柳赏析Flappers and Philosophers(1920)《姑娘们与哲学家们》
The Beautiful and the Damned(1922)《漂亮的冤家》
Tales of the Jazz Age(1922)《爵士乐时代的故事》
The Great Gatsby(1925)《了不起的盖茨比》
Tender is the Night(1934)《夜色温柔》
儿女的好榜样
The Crack-Up(1945)《崩溃》
II.Selected works（选读作品）
◆The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》
(1)Gatsby’s personal experience approximates the whole of the American experience up to the first few decades of the twentieth century.Here modern men lives in sterility and meaningless and futility as best illustrated by Gatsby’s esntially pointless parties.Thus Gatsby’s personal life has assumed a magnitude as a“cultural-historical allegory”for the nation.Here lies the greatest intellectual achievement that Fitzgerald ever achieved.
(2)The very rich attracted and repelled Fitzgerald at the same time.But Fitzgerald has always been critical of the rich and tried to show the disintegrating effects of wealth on the emotional make-up of his characters.Here in The Great Gatsby we have Tom and Daisy,completely dehumanized and dehumanizing.
(3)At his best Fitzgerald’s craftsmanship is impeccable.The choice of a dramatic narrator,through who consciousness everything filters,ensures the compact organic wholeness of the work.Carraway’s limited omniscience determines the facts that he deals but information in such a manner that he ems to withhold it first,thus creating a superb effect of mystery and suspen.
世界网络
(4)Fitzgerald was one of the great stylists in American literature.Fitzgerald’s pro is smooth,nsitive,and completely original in its diction and metaphors.Its simplicity and gracefulness,its skill in manipulating the relationship between the general and the specific,its bold impressionistic and colorful quality,in short,its competence to convey the vision of the author all reveal Fitzgerald’s consummate artistry.
（1）盖茨比的个人经历与20世纪前几十年美国整个国家的经历如出一辙。现代人生
贵州黔东南旅游活在精神的荒原之上，生活已失去目的和意义，看看盖茨比豪华但毫无意义的宴会便可略知一二。盖茨比的个人生活已成为整个国家文化历史上的伟大寓言。菲茨杰拉德在文化思想领域取得的最大成就正在于此。
（2）菲茨杰拉德对富人和富贵的态度有羡慕，但更有鄙夷，鄙夷无疑多于羡慕。他试图解释财富对其笔下人物性格分裂的影响。在《了不起的盖茨比》中汤姆和黛西这两个人物象征了财富本身意味着堕落，也诱使他人堕落。
（3）菲茨杰拉德的写作技巧无可挑剔。他选择了卡拉韦这一戏剧化的叙述者。通过卡拉韦的意识事件得以过滤，这保证了整个故事的结构统一、紧凑。卡拉韦有限的知情权决定了他对信息似乎有所保留，这制造了一种神秘及悬念之感。
（4）菲茨杰拉德是美国文学史上一位伟大的文体家。菲茨杰拉德的语言通顺流畅，观察细致入微，措辞和比喻极具独创性。他的文章质朴、雅致，较好地把握了整体与细节之间的关系，大胆地运用印象主义手法和绘声绘色的描写，总之文章足以传达作者的观点，这些都显示了菲茨杰拉德高超的艺术才能。
14.2课后习题详解
1.Do you think Gatsby derves to be called“the great”?Why?
Key:It is a little complicated to say Gatsby derves to be called“the great”or not.Becau that,on the one hand,he is ambitious,passionate,hard-working, kind-hearted and generous.He cherishes hopes for his bright future.He is loyal to his lover,and willing to should the responsibilities for her.On the other hand, he makes fortune by doing illegal business,which greatly ruins his qualities.We
can say that he does not pursue meaningful and valuable things,and all he wants is a kind of vanity.And,he does not know that Daisy,the woman he loves,does not derve his sincere love.He only loves a vision in his heart.He is somewhat innocent.
2.Does“the green light”Gatsby believed in exist in reality?Why or why not? Key:“The green light”Gatsby believed in does not exist in reality.Becau“the green light”reprents Gatsby’s unattainable dream,especially the dream of being together with Daisy,who has been married and was never been the woman he loved.It is impossible for him to win Daisy back.What’s more,“the green light”refers to“the orgiastic future that year and year recedes before us”. Although we are longing for bright and wonderful future,it does not exist in reality for now,and it is a kind of mysterious nonexistence.
3.What does Gatsby’s Schedule reveal about him and how does it relate to the American Dream?
Key:Gatsby’s schedule reveals his ambitions and determination to be successful. He is strict with himlf and has a n of lf-control.In order to gain wealth and social statues,he made himlf such a detailed and meticulous schedule.It is the very American Dream,to gain wealth and statues,that drives him to make his schedule and work hard regardless of what kind of means he us to make it come true.
4.When you read this line”He(the man with owl-eyed glass)took off his glass and wiped them again，outside and in，”what image does it create in your mind，given the novel’s numerous references to the strikingly strange scene of the spectacled eyes?
Key:When I read this line,I think that the man with thick and blurry owl-eyed glass can not e clearly all the things in the world.However,he is actually an owl-wi obrver and es more clearly that anyone el in the novel.This man, except Nick,is the only friend to appear at the funeral of Gatsby.He is a man of sympathetic.Through out this novel,we also find that Dr.Eckleburg billboard also has its huge yellow spectacles.In many rainy days,Dr.Eckleburg’s eyes are also dimmed and em blind.But,in fact,it is a pair of“all-eing”eyes,obrving what happens in the world.The owl-eyed man is similar to Dr.Eckleburg,sadly looking at the people’s life and idealism of this time.Both of them symbolize an uninvolved spectator,the God.
