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The American Crisis by Thomas Paine :
THESE are the times that try men's souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the rvice of their country; but he that stands it now, derves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods; and it would be strange indeed if so celestial an article as FREEDOM should not be highly rated. Britain, with an army to enforce her tyranny, has declared that she has a right (not only to TAX) but "to BIND us in ALL CASES WHATSOEVER," and if being bound in that manner, is not slavery, then is there not such a thing as slavery upon earth. Even the expression is impious; for so unlimited a power can belong only to God.
Whether the independence of the continent was declared too soon, or delayed too long, I will not now enter into as an argument; my own simple opinion is, that had it been eight mo
nths earlier, it would have been much better. We did not make a proper u of last winter, neither could we, while we were in a dependent state. However, the fault, if it were one, was all our own *(1) ; we have none to blame but ourlves. But no great deal is lost yet. All that Howe has been doing for this month past, is rather a ravage than a conquest, which the spirit of the Jerys, a year ago, would have quickly repuld, and which time and a little resolution will soon recover. tshark
I have as little superstition in me as any man living, but my cret opinion has ever been, and still is, that God Almighty will not give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupportedly to perish, who have so earnestly and so repeatedly sought to avoid the calamities of war, by every decent method which wisdom could invent. Neither have I so much of the infidel in me, as to suppo that He has relinquished the government of the world, and given us up to the care of devils; and as I do not, I cannot e on what grounds the king of Britain can look up to heaven for help against us: a common murderer, a highwayman, or a hou-breaker, has as good a pretence as he.
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'Tis surprising to e how rapidly a panic will sometimes run through a country. All nations and ages have been subject to them. Britain has trembled like an ague at the report of a French fleet of flat-bottomed boats; and in the fourteenth [fifteenth] century the whole English army, after ravaging the kingdom of France, was driven back like men petrified with fear; and this brave exploit was performed by a few broken forces collected and headed by a woman, Joan of Arc. Would that heaven might inspire some Jery maid to spirit up her countrymen, and save her fair fellow sufferers from ravage and ravishment! Yet panics, in some cas, have their us; they produce as much good as hurt. Their duration is always short; the mind soon grows through them, and acquires a firmer habit than before. But their peculiar advantage is, that they are the touchstones of sincerity and hypocrisy, and bring things and men to light, which might otherwi have lain forever undiscovered. In fact, they have the same effect on cret traitors, which an imaginary apparition would have upon a private murderer. They sift out the hidden thoughts of man, and hold them up in public to the world. Many a disguid Tory has lately shown his head, that shall penitentially solemnize with curs the day on which Howe arrived upon the Delaware.
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As I was with the troops at Fort Lee, and marched with them to the edge of Pennsylvania, I am well acquainted with many circumstances, which tho who live at a distance know but little or nothing of. Our situation there was exceedingly cramped, the place being a narrow neck of land between the North River and the Hackensack. Our force was inconsiderable, being not one-fourth so great as Howe could bring against us. We had no army at hand to have relieved the garrison, had we shut ourlves up and stood on our defence. Our ammunition, light artillery, and the best part of our stores, had been removed, on the apprehension that Howe would endeavor to penetrate the Jerys, in which ca Fort Lee could be of no u to us; for it must occur to every thinking man, whether in the army or not, that the kind of field forts are only for temporary purpos, and last in u no longer than the enemy directs his force against the particular object which such forts are raid to defend. Such was our situation and condition at Fort Lee on the morning of the 20th of November, when an officer arrived with information that the enemy with 200 boats had landed about ven miles above; Major General [Nathaniel] Green, who commanded the garrison, immediately ordered them under arms, and nt e
官话xpress to General Washington at the town of Hackensack, distant by the way of the ferry = six miles. Our first object was to cure the bridge over the Hackensack, which laid up the river between the enemy and us, about six miles from us, and three from them. General Washington arrived in about three-quarters of an hour, and marched at the head of the troops towards the bridge, which place I expected we should have a brush for; however, they did not choo to dispute it with us, and the greatest part of our troops went over the bridge, the rest over the ferry, except some which pasd at a mill on a small creek, between the bridge and the ferry, and made their way through some marshy grounds up to the town of Hackensack, and there pasd the river. We brought off as much baggage as the wagons could contain, the rest was lost. The simple object was to bring off the garrison, and march them on till they could be strengthened by the Jery or Pennsylvania militia, so as to be enabled to make a stand. We staid four days at Newark, collected our out-posts with some of the Jery militia, and marched out twice to meet the enemy, on being informed that they were advancing, though our numbers were greatly inferior to theirs. Howe, in my little opinion, committed a great error in generalship in not t
hrowing a body of forces off from Staten Island through Amboy, by which means he might have ized all our stores at Brunswick, and intercepted our march into Pennsylvania; but if we believe the power of hell to be limited, we must likewi believe that their agents are under some providential control.
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I shall not now attempt to give all the particulars of our retreat to the Delaware; suffice it for the prent to say, that both officers and men, though greatly harasd and fatigued, frequently without rest, covering, or provision, the inevitable conquences of a long retreat, bore it with a manly and martial spirit. All their wishes centred in one, which was, that the country would turn out and help them to drive the enemy back. Voltaire has remarked that King William never appeared to full advantage but in difficulties and in action; the same remark may be made on General Washington, for the character fits him. There is a natural firmness in some minds which cannot be unlocked by trifles, but which, when unlocked, discovers a cabinet of fortitude; and I reckon it among tho kind of public blessings, which we do not immediately e, that God hath blesd him with uninterrupted health, and given him a mind that can even flourish upon care.
