Lesson Twelve
The Third Knight's Speech
第三个骑士的发言
T. S. Eliot T. S.艾略特
New words
手机散热方法recur to, persist, repeat, return
under dog, one at a disadvantage
fair play, play that follows the rules, fairness, treatment that is fair and just
Archbishop, chief bishop 大主教
hard-headed, realistic
clap-trap, pretentious or empty speech
高温作业Analysis of the text
反对的近义词
1 I should like first to recur to a point that was very well put by our leader, Reginald [`redVidnEld] Fitz Ur [E:z]: that you are Englishmen and therefore your sympathies are always with the under dog. It is the English spirit of fair play. [He flatters] Now the worthy Archbishop, who good qualities I very much admired, [disarms the reader, and ts the tone of his argument] has throughout been prented as the under dog. But is this really the ca? I am going to appeal not to your emotions but to your reason. You are hard-headed nsible people [flatters] , as I can e, and not to be taken in by emotional clap-trap. I therefore ask you to consider soberly: what were the Archbishop's aims?" and what are King Henry's aims? In the answer to the questions lies the key to the problem. [establishes the lines along which he will proceed]
Skills:
When you speak or write, always try to flatter and disarm the audience or reader. The two skills are uless in argument, but they are very powerful in motivation and persuasio
n.
译文
1 首先，我想再讲一下我们的领导，吴哲讲的，你们是英国人，所以你们总是同情失败者。这就是英国人公平竞争的精神。我非常敬佩我们可敬的大主教。人家一直把他当成彻底的失败者。但这是真的吗？我不打算煽动你们，只和你们讲讲道理。我知道，你们都是务实而精明的人。不会掉进感情的圈子。所以我请你们冷静地考虑一下，主教的目的是什么，亨利国王的目的又是什么。全部事件的关键，就在对这两个问题的回答之中。
New words
the late, the dead
技术经济及管理Queen Matilda, Queen of England (1102-67)
irruption, breaking or bursting in
usurper, one who izes, especially illegally
curb, check, restrain
Stephen, Matilda's cousin Stephen who ized the throne in 1135 on the death of Henry I. In 1139, Matilda, aided by her half brother Robert, captured Stephen and recovered the throne.
ditious, causing to rebel
systemi, formulate to system
素描山水画
judiciary, of the administration or justice
baronage, 男爵辈;男爵勋位
substantiate, support with proof or evidence
grudge, to be reluctant to give or admit
concur, have the same idea
temporal, cular, worldly
ostentatiously, pretentious or excessive
ascetic, play restrict lf-denial, esp. in religion
incompatible, not in harmony or agreement
Text
2 The King's aim has been perfectly consistent. During the reign of the late Queen Matilda and the irruption of the unhappy usurper Stephen, the kingdom was very much divided. Our King saw that the one thing needful was to restore order: to curb the excessive powers of local government, which were usually exercid for lfish and often for ditious ends, and to systemati the judiciary. There was utter chaos: there were three kinds of justice and three kinds of court: that of the King, that of the Bishops, and that of the baronage. I must repeat one point that the last speaker has made. While the late Archbishop was Chancellor, he whole-heartedly supported the King's designs: this is
an important point, which, if necessary, I can substantiate. Now the King intended that Becket, who had heretofore himlf an extremely able administrator -- no one denies that -- should unite the offices of Chancellor and Archbishop. No one would have grudged him that ; no one than he was better qualified to fill at once the two most important posts. Had Becket concurred with the King's wishes, we should have had an almost ideal State: a union of spiritual and temporal administration, under the central government. I knew Becket well, in various official relations; and I may say that I have never known a man so well qualified for the highest rank of the Civil Service. And what happened? The moment that Becket, at the King's instance, had been made Archbishop, he resigned the office of Chancellor, he became more priestly than the priests, he ostentatiously and offensively adopted an ascetic manner of life, he openly abandoned every policy that he had heretofore supported; he affirmed immediately that there was a higher order than that which our King, and he as the King's rvant, had for so many years striven to establish; and that -- God knows why -- the two orders were incompatible.
Analysis
Becau the kingdom was in a divided state of chaos, the king was to restore order — to curb the excessive power of local government, to systemati judiciary, and to have a union of spiritual and temporal administration under the central government. Becau Becket had whole-heartedly supported the King's designs, and in various official relations showed that he was very well qualified to fill the posts of Chancellor and Archbishop. However, when the King appointed him Archbishop, he resigned the office of Chancellor, and affirmed immediately that there was a higher order than that of the King's. The logic ems perfectly right. But we don't know why Becket did this. Was he at his free will or was he reluctant to do, for example was ordered to do?
译文
2 国王的目标一直没有变。在已故的马蒂答女王的统治和愁眉苦脸的斯蒂芬篡夺朝纲的时候，王国已经四分五裂。我们国王看出要做的事是恢复秩序，结束地方政府为了自私的目的和煽动性的结果而造成的权力过大，把司法关系理顺。那时都乱套了：有三种法制和三个法庭，这就属于国王的，属于大主教的，和属于贵族们的。这里，我必须重复一下上一
发言人所讲的观点。当已故的大主教任首相的时候，他全心全意地支持国王的设计。这是一个非常重要的问题。如果需要，我可以证明。后来国王打算要白克特把首相和大主教的办公室合而为一。没人否认，白克特是极其有能力的行政大臣。没有人嫉妒那一点。没有谁比他更适合马上兼任这两个职务。要是白克特和国王的意愿一致，我们早就有一个十全十美的国家，一个中央政府领导下的政教合一的国家了。 在处理官方各种关系中，我认识了白克特 （我都深知白克特的能力）；而且可以说我所认识的人中，没有谁比他更适合文职上的这个最高职务。但后来怎么样？国王一提名他为大主教，他就辞去了首相。他比牧师还牧师。他故意显示，带着挑衅味道地接受了苦行僧式的生活方式。 （让人感到有冒犯的味道）他公开地放弃了他此前一直支持的政策。他立即宣称说，尽管他是国王的臣仆，他认为有一个比我们的国王多年来一直着力创建的秩序还高的秩序。我不知道为什么这两个秩序（统治、领导、体制）不能相容，不能合二而一。
New words 泉城济南
interference, n. inhibition, lf-consciousness, restraint, constraint, impediment, hindrance, bar, barrier, defence, defence mechanism, blockage, interference, check, curb, stricture
instinct, inner feeling 蝙组词10个
take issue, disagree
execute, put to death
春天奏鸣曲traitor, one who betrays his country
pretensions, outward show, immodest claim
instrumental, of rvice, of tools 注意演讲人的双关：instrumental还有 important, helpful 之义。
Text
3 You will agree with me that such interference by an Archbishop offends the instincts of a people like ours. [Here he appeals to feelings of the audience which is fallacious in argumentation but effective in persuasion.]So far, I know that I have your approval: I read it in your faces. It is only with the measures we have had to adopt, in order to t matters
to rights, that you take issue. No one regrets the necessity for violence more than we do. [He sheds off the blame.] Unhappily, there are times when violence is the only way in which social justice can be cured. At another time, you should condemn an Archbishop [注意是 an 而不是 the, 意味一旦宗教凌驾国家之上，就谁也管不了啦] by vote of Parliament and execute him formally as a traitor, and no one would have to bear the burden of being called murderer. And at a later time still, even such temperate measures as the would become unnecessary. But, if you have now arrived at a just subordination of the pretensions of the Church to the welfare of the State, remember that it is we who took the first step.[Fishes honour and awards]We have been instrumental in bringing about the state of affairs that you approve.[Sheds off responsibility.] We have rved your interests; we merit your applau;[Flatters] and if there is any guilty whatever in the matter, you must share it with us. [Blackmails.]
