高三英语语法复习（一）
清心火的中成药名 词
一，可数名词
1. 集合名词
(1)people, cattle, police, folk, personnel（人员）（作主语谓语动词用复数）
(2)class, government, committee, enemy, crowd, family, crew, group, team, public, audience, staff, couple, troop, association, party, union, band（帮，伙）（强调整体时，谓语动词用单数，强调成员时用复数）
(3)mankind, man(人类),humanity(作主语谓语动词用单数)
2. 个体名词
(1)复数的构成
A：一般在名词后加s
B: 以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词的后加es，但stomach－stomachs
C: 以-f或-fe结尾的名词：
a: leaf, life, thief, wolf, knife, half, shelf, loaf, lf, wife －ves
b: proof, roof, belief, chief, gulf, safe, reef, cliff, cuff（袖口）, brief－s
c: handkerchief, scarf－s/ves
D: 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改成i+es；以元音字母加y结尾，直接加s
E: 以o结尾的名词一般加s但以下单词加es:
Echo, negro, potato, tobacco, hero, tomato
但Zero, volcano, mosquito, tornado, motto可加s或es.
F: 不规则变化：
Foot－feet goo－gee mou－mice child－children
Ox－oxen medium－media analysis－analys woman－women
Man－men tooth－teeth phenomenon－phenomena
Criterion－criteria（标准） bacterium－bacteria（细菌）
Axis－aces（轴心） German－Germans
G: 单复数同形：
Deer, fish, specie, works, means, ries, sheep, bison, Swiss, Chine
（1） 复合名词的复数
A: 有中心词的在中心词后加复数
B: 无中心词的在最后一个单词后加复数
C: 含有woman和man 的两个都变复数
D: 含有sports, customs, arms, clothes, sales和accounts等构成的复合名词不可省去”s”
a sports car赛车 a customs officer海关官员
arms production武器生产 a clothes shop服装店
（2） 睡前一招长高十厘米下列词组中常用复数
A：成双成对的名词
cool的反义词
compass, pants, shorts, trours, glass, cross-roads, jeans, socks, gloves, shoes, scissors, tweezers（镊子）
B: 以－ing结尾的名词
Belongings, earnings, doings, findings, surroundings
（4）有些词组中怎样加密文件夹名词常以复数形式出现
be/ make friends with与…友好 take pains下功夫
make preparations for为…做准备 make arrangements做安排
give respects to向…致攻、敬意 give regards to向…问候
shake hands with 与…握手 best wishes
take turns轮流 as follows如下
in rags衣襟褴褛 change bus/ trains换车
sing the prais of赞颂 in high spirits情结高昂
（5） 有些学科名词虽然以－s结尾，但是单数
mathematics, physics, politics, statistics, economics
二、 不可数名词
1. 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，它一般只有单数，其数量常用量词来表示。
a piece of paper a block of stone a bowl of rice
a cup of tea a slice of meat a flash of lightning
a burst of laughter a bottle of beer a article of clothing
2. 不可数名词也有复数形式，或加a/ an
(1) 表示种类 (2) 表示份数 (3) 表示具体事物
3. 下列名词加复数意义产生变化
air空气－airs傲气 arm－arms武器 cloth－clothes
pain(疼痛）－pains(努力) paper－papers（文件） work－works（著作）
water－waters(水域) sand－sands(沙滩) spirit(精神)－spirits(兴致)
manner－manners hair－hairs good－goods
green－greens iron－irons（脚镣手铐）time－times
custom－customs(海关) brain－brains(智慧) look－looks(外表)
damage－damages(赔偿费) force－forces(军队) wood－woods
compass－compass(圆规) green－greens(青菜)
三、 专有名词
单个的专有名词一般不加冠词，而由多上普通名词构成的专有名词常常要加the
四、 名词的所有格
1. of一般与无生命的名词连用
表同位关系 the month of September
表整体与部分关系some of the students
表动宾关系 love of our country, study of a globe
表所属关系 the gate of our school
2. ‘s常常与有生命的名词连用 my father’s pictures
‘s也可与无生命的名词（时间，距离，国家，天体）连用
（1）所有格’s的构成形式：the teachers’ office Jones’s car Tom’s father
（2）双重所有格：表很多中的其中之一，或感情色彩
a friend of my father’s the car of Mary’s
（3）直接接所有格表示某某家、教堂或与某一职业相关的场所
I’ll go to Mary’s tomorrow. St Paul’s
（3） my mother’s and my father’s hou与my mother and my father’s hou
五、 名词作定语：用单数表示时间、地点、原料
a shoe shop a table lamp afternoon tea
当定语是有生命的名词时则用所有格形式children’s hospital, men’s clothing shop
练习
题临安邸的诗意
1. The Whites are ____.
A. my father and my mother’s friends B. my father’s and my mother friends
C. my father’s and my mother’s friends D. my father and my mother friends
2. It will take me ____ to get to Shanghai.
A. two days time B. two day’s time C. two day time D. two days’ time
3. We had worked out the plan and now we must put it into ____.
A. face B. reality C. practice D. deed
4. My father’s ____ is grey, but my mother has a few grey ____.
A. hair, hair B. hairs, hairs C. hairs, hair D. hair, hairs
5. He gained his ____ by printing ____ of famous writers.
A. wealth, work B. wealths, works C. wealths, work D. wealth, works
6. Here’s my card. Let’s keep in ____.
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
7. He dropped the ____ and broke it.
A. cup of coffee B. coffee’s cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup
8. The ____ of the buildings are covered with lots of ____.
描写荷花的优美句子 A. roofs, leaves B. rooves, leafs C. roof, leaf D. roofs, leafs
9. Hearing the news that thy would go outing, everyone in the class was ____.
人员结构分析报告 A. in high spirit B. in high spirits C. on high spirit D. on high spirits
怎样聊天找话题10. We will never lo ____ whatever difficulties we meet.
A. hearts B. a heart C. our heart D. heart
