高考英语常用词汇辨析
damage; destroy; ruin;spoil这三个词都有“破坏;损坏”的意思,区别如下:
1、damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低,这种损坏是部分性的,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。如:
⑴The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were riously hurt.汽车在事故中损坏不严重,但却有五个人受了重伤。
⑵The earthquake damaged veral buildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。
⑶Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。
⑷What they said and did damage the relations between the two countries.他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。
⑸The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。
⑹Smoking has damaged his health badly. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。
Soft wood damages easily.软木容易损坏。
damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。如:
⑺The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。
⑻An earthquake sometimes caus great damage.地震有时造成重大损失。
do damage to损害, 破坏
cau damage to损害, 破坏
2、destroy ,为常用词, 指“剧烈地破坏”、“使之不存在”或“使之失去效能”,“破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭”,通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”,一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽象的东西;。打破加减混合运算(希望, 计划), 使失败,如:;
①That town was destroyed in a big fire.那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。
②The Nazi wanted to destroy people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the power of people.纳粹想摧毁人民的希望,最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。
③The fire destroyed all my books.这场大火毁了我的全部书籍。
④The hous were destroyed by a fire [a flood, an earthquake].房屋被火灾[水灾, 地震]所毁。
⑤The heavy rain destroyed all hope of a picnic.大雨打破了野餐的一切希望。
⑥The enemy destroyed the city.敌人破坏了这座城市。
3、ruin多用于借喻之中,有时泛指一般性的破坏,指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。使破产,如:
①My new coat is ruined.我的外套不能再穿了。
②The rain will ruin the crops.这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。
③I was ruined by that law ca; I'm a ruined man 我被那场官司毁了,我破产了。
④He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。
⑤She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.她把水全倒在了我的画上,把画毁了。
⑥I was ruined by that law ca.我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
惯用法:
be the ruin of成为...毁灭[堕落]的原因
bring sb. to ruin使某人失败; 使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon onelf自取灭亡
come to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
fall to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 电脑共享崩溃; 破坏掉
go to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
in ruins成为废墟
ruin onelf毁掉自己
in ruins成为废墟,遭到严重破坏
Gambling was his ruin[the ruin of him].赌博是他堕落的原因。
4、Spoil vt. (spoilt, spoiled)损坏[害], 损伤; 弄坏, 弄脏, 糟踢火腿肠炒鸡蛋; 搞糟;;使无用;破坏,宠坏大环境, 溺爱鸡汤的营养; 姑息
①Our holidays were spoilt by bad weather.我们假日的乐趣被恶劣天气所破坏。
②They spoil their children.他们宠坏了他们的孩子们。
③The rain has spoilt my painting.雨水毁了我的画。
④Mankind is warned to stop spoiling the environment.人类受到警告不能再污染环境。
浅谈邻里和谐hurt,harm, wound,injure的区别
(一)hurt可以做及物动词,表示“使受伤,是疼痛,使受到伤害”;也可以做不及物动词,表示“疼痛,带来痛苦”;也可做名词,表示“创伤,伤痛”。hurt常指精神上,肉体上或感情上的伤害,含有强烈的疼痛。指肉体上的伤害时,hurt可与badly,slightly,riously等连用;但如果指精神上的创伤,只能说very much/rather/deeply hurt。
eg. 1.His words hurt my feeling.
他的话伤了我的感情。
2. He fell and hurt his leg.
他掉下来伤了腿。
(二)harm可以做及物动词,表示“损害,伤害,危害”;也可以做名词,表示“损害,伤害”。harm指对人或事物造成危害,着种危害不一定是直接的,也不一定有痛楚。harm用
于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便,还可用于抽象事物,尤其是指不道德的事情。
eg. Smoking riously harmed his health.
吸烟严重伤害了他的健康。
(三)wound可以做及物动词,表示“使受伤,伤害”,也可以做名词,表示“创伤,伤口”。wound通常指外界暴力造成创伤,多指枪刀伤害。
eg. He got wounded in the battle.
他在战斗中受伤。
(四)injure只能做及物动词,表示“伤害,损害,毁坏”以病人为中心。injure着重指健康,机能,外貌的伤害,多指意外或事故造成伤害。injure比hurt正式,hurt多指伤痛,而injure则指损害健康,成就,容貌等,强调功能的损失。
eg. Several children were injurd in the accident.
汉堡英语好几个孩子在那次事故中受伤。