一生一世的朋友“疑问词＋不定式”的用法
(一)
先看下面一道高考题：
(NMET2002)It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with
有张有弛B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
考点："疑问词＋不定式"的用法；
简析：动词know 后可接"疑问词＋不定式"构成的短语作宾语，在这一结构中，疑问词要放在不定式的前面。就本考题而言，疑问词what作不定式to do的宾语；it 作介词with 的宾语，故
选 C。
疑问词后面可接带 to 的动词不定式构成特殊的不定式短语，这一结构在句中可作主语、表语、动词宾语、双重宾语、介词宾语等成分。能够接不定式的疑问词常用的有who, which, what, when, where, how等，此外，whether 后面也可接带 to 的动词不定式。
一、"疑问词＋不定式"的用法
1. 作主语
作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：
Where to go tomorrow has not been decided. 明天到什么地方去尚未决定。
沟通的意义
How to divide labor among the workers is still a question. 这些工人之间如何分工仍是个问题。
2. 作动词宾语
能够接"疑问词＋不定式"作宾语的动词常用的有advi, ask, consider, decide, discuss, explain, forget, know, learn, remember, show, teach, tell, wonder等。例如：
He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire. 他得学会收集淡水、寻找食物，生火什么的。(Unit 1 Good friends)
You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 如果不会游泳，就不要去做木筏漂流。漂流必须始终穿上救生衣。(Unit 3 Going places)
3. 作双重宾语
某些动词后面可接"sb.＋疑问词＋不定式"构成的双重宾语，这类动词常用的有advi, ask, show, teach, tell等。例如：
He will advi you what to do. 他会建议你们做什么。
Will you show me how to u this machine? 你能示范教我如何使用这部机器吗？
4. 作介词宾语
詈词
某些介词后面可接"疑问词＋不定式"作宾语，这类介词常用的有 about, as, from, in, of, on, with等。例如：
You also need to learn the basic skills of rafting, such as how to handle the raft, how to paddle and how to get in and out of the raft. 你还需要学习基本划木筏的技巧，比如驾驭木筏的方法，划桨方法，上下木筏的方法。(Unit 3 Going places)
He has no idea of how to answer this question. 他不知道怎样回答这个问题。
5. 作表语
Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. 也许最难熬的挑战，就是生活中孤独无友。(Unit 1 Good friends)语言设置
The question is which to choo. 问题是挑选哪一个。
二、考点例析
1. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know ________.
A. where to choo
B. which to choo
C. to choo what
D. to choo which
考点："疑问词＋不定式"的语序；疑问词的选用。
简析："疑问词＋不定式"的语序是疑问词在前，不定式在后，故可排除C, D 两个选项。where和which 后面均可接动词不定式结构，但用法不同：where 表示地点，在不定式结构中作地点状语；which 指"哪一个；哪一些"，在不定式结构中既可作宾语，也可放在名词前面作定语。就该题而言，及物动词choo缺少宾语，故选B项，其中的which作choo的宾语。
2. I've worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
考点：疑问词后接动词的用法。
简析：疑问词后接动词时，该动词常用不定式结构，且这种由"疑问词＋不定式"构成的短语常用一般式和主动语态，故选B。
咸鸭蛋炒饭
(文/刘石才 蒋炜凌； 英语辅导报高一版 04~05学年度第4期；版权归英语辅导报社所有，独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育，未经许可，不得以任何形式进行转载。)
（二）
不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。
1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
【例如】
To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
【例如】
It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, )＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
【例如】
It is esntial to rerve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.桃花特征
It is hard to put my hopessintoswords.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one's du ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no )＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, )＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpo, duty, job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exerci.
My chief purpo has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.
The purpo of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：
afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,choo,claim,connt,demand,decide,desire,determine,
expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promi,refu,resolve,ek,tend,threaten,want等。
【例如】
跑步不出汗
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
