（全国用）2019年高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解
第三节 题组练习 2 科普知识
(2017·甘肃甘谷二中一模(2017·甘肃甘谷二中一模) )
名牌除湿机Are you an optimist ？Do you look at your glass and e it as half full ？Do you
believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best ？Do you believe that if something is meant to be ，it will be ？If you reply “yes” to all of the questions ，then you are an optimist.You probably are
enthusiastic enthusiastic，，cheerful and outgoing.You may be successful at work and in love.
But you may be misguided becau things don’t turn ou t for the best.You may
believe that when one door clos another one opens (for example ，you may fail to obtain a new job; another chance will come around soon)soon)．．Wrong.When one door clos clos，，
another door slams(砰然关上) in your face.That’s bitter reality.
Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲观者) have
suspected all along.It’s called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism .Its author
argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results.Defensive pessimism is
a strategy ud to manage fear ，anxiety and worry.Defensive pessimists prepare for the things by tting low outcomes for themlves.They carefully consider everything
that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle the problems.And this gives them a n of control.Lawrence Sanno Sanno，，a psychology professor professor，，says says，，“What’s
interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people people，，so
their low opinion of the situation’s outcomes is not realistic.They u it to motivate themlves to perform better.”
So far far，，
so good.This is not rocket science.Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong wrong，，whether at work work，，on
date or even in a sports game.It makes n to have a back-up plan.There are many sayings in English urging
caution.For example example，“Don’t ，“Don’t
put all your eggs in one basket.” And “Don’t count your chickens until they hatch.” To have a confident and optimistic approach to life’s problems is good.But listen to what Woody Alien，Alien，the the American comedian says says，，
“Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”
There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist.Don’t feel bad if you e the glass half empty.You are a realist.But lighten up and hook up with someone
who es the same glass half full.
语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，说明了防御性悲观的积极力量，防御性悲观主义是一种
管理恐惧、焦虑和担心的策略。防御性悲观者为自己设定较低的结果，他们仔细考虑可能出现的问题并计划处理这些问题的办法，这给了他们一种控制感。能出现的问题并计划处理这些问题的办法，这给了他们一种控制感。
1．What’s the passage mainly about?
A ．A book that has recently been published.
B ．How to become successful in life.
C ．The dangers of being too optimistic.
D ．The benefits of defensive pessimism.
答案答案 D
解析解析 主旨大意题。文章在第一段提出了人乐观一点会更好，接着主要讨论了要做一个防御
性悲观者，因为这样的悲观者才会对以后的事情做好充分的准备，会有详细的计划和安排。
那样才能有更好的结果。故D 正确。正确。
大明锦衣卫22．The underlined ntence in Para.4 means .
A ．it’s not a dangerous thing to do
B ．it is quite simple to understand
C ．the cost is not so high
D ．there is no real proof
答案答案 B
人民的名义谁是好人谁是坏人
解析解析 句意理解题。谚语“This is not rocket science.”中的
rocket science 指困难的事情，难以理解的事情。本句话的意思就是指这很好理解。故B 正确。正确。
3．Which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe?
A ．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.
B ．The glass is half full not half empty.
C ．Whatever will be ，will be.
D ．Every cloud has a silver lining.
答案答案 A
解析解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“There are many sayings in English urging caution.For example ，‘Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.’”可知该谚语表示，‘Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.’”可知该谚语表示做事要谨慎，与防御性悲观者观点一致，故A 项符合。项符合。
4．The writer would probably describe himlf as .
A ．an optimist
B ．a defeatist
法律毕业论文
C ．a realist
D ．a scientist 答案答案 C
解析解析 推理判断题。
根据第二段中的“当上帝关上一扇门的时候，他会为你打开另外一扇门。但是实际上并不是总是如此。”再接合最后一段内容可知作者是个现实主义者。故C 正确。正确。
B
(2017·吉林长春外国语学校期中(2017·吉林长春外国语学校期中) )
Showers can be relaxing.You can hum a song ，daydream or think about nothing ，
leaving the real world behind you.But did you know that showering can also benefit your mind?
A rearch by Scott Barry Kaufman ，a psychologist from Yale University in the
US interviewed over 3,000 people around the world.It turned out that nearly two-thirds
of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work.So why does a simple shower have such
magic power ？Science can explain it.
Showering can help to rai our level of dopamine ，a hormone(荷尔蒙荷尔蒙
荷尔蒙) cloly ) cloly related to our creativity.“People vary in terms of their level of creativity
according to the activity of dopamine dopamine，” ，” explained Alice Flaherty，Flaherty，a a
famous American neuroscientist.“Taking a w arm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level ri and bring ‘Aha！’ moment to us.”
Besides the chemical changes changes，，showering
may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with.Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem problem，，
jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories.In this way way，，according
to American psychologist Shelley H ．Carson Carson，，author of
Y our Your Creative Brain ，“a showering hour may turn into an ‘incubation(孵化) period’ for your ideas.”
Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds ，but it needn’t
just be the bathroom where you get your inspiration.For instance ，Gertrude Stein ，
a female American writer and poet poet，，got
new ideas by driving around a farm and stopping at different cows until she found the one that most inspired her.So try to create your own way to free your mind mind，whether ，whether it’s a walk near the ocean，ocean，a a
country drive or reading a book at home.
语篇解读语篇解读 一项科学实验证实了淋浴不仅能让我们感到放松，还能激发大脑的创造力。一项科学实验证实了淋浴不仅能让我们感到放松，还能激发大脑的创造力。
5．According to the article ，what changes can showering cau?
A ．Bringing the terrible moment to us.
B ．Increasing the level of dopamine.
C ．Leading to boredom or tiredness.
D ．Setting the conrvative part of the brain free.
答案答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Showering can help to rai our level of
<”可知，淋浴能增加人体内多巴胺的水平。故选B 。
6．If one has focud on something all day ，showering can help .
A ．turn one’s attention inwards
B ．draw one’s attention to the outside world
当代书法名家
C ．one make an important breakthrough
D ．many chemical changes to take place
答案答案 A
解析解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem problem，，jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that
you can focus on your inner feelings and memories.”可知，A 项正确。项正确。
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the opinion that showering can lead to creativity?
A ．Positive.
B ．Negative.
C ．Neutral.
D ．Not mentioned.
答案答案 A
解析解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices
of ”可判断出，作者认为淋浴能激发我们的创造力，即作者对“淋浴能激发人
的创造力”这一观点持积极态度。故选A 。
8．The example of Gertrude Stein in the last paragraph is ud to .
A ．encourage readers to find their own ways of getting inspiration
B ．point out to readers that it’s hard to find inspiration
C ．explain how to link ins piration with readers’ daily lives
D ．show that creativity often comes from strange places
答案答案 A
解析解析 推理判断题。最后一段开头作者指出淋浴能激发我们的创造力，但是并不一定非得在
浴室淋浴获得灵感，浴室淋浴获得灵感，后面就以后面就以Gertrude Stein 为例讲述其他方法也能激发我们的灵感。为例讲述其他方法也能激发我们的灵感。由此由此
可判断出，作者以Gertrude Stein 为例是为了鼓励读者找到自己的获取灵感的方法。故选A 。
C (2017·第三次全国大联考(2017·第三次全国大联考) )
Feeding knowledge directly into your brain ，just like in sci-fi classic The
Matrix (《黑客帝国》《黑客帝国》))，could soon take as much effort as falling asleep asleep，，scientists
believe.
Rearchers claim to have developed a simulator which can feed information directly into a person’s brai brain n and teach them new skills in a shorter amount of time time，，
comparing it to “life imitating art”．
Rearchers from HRL Laboratories ，bad in California ，say they have found a
way to amplify learning learning，，only
on a much smaller scale than en in the Hollywood film. They studied the electric signals in the brain of a trained pilot and then fed the data into novice(初学者初学者)subjects as they learned to pilot an airplane in a )subjects as they learned to pilot an airplane in a realistic flight simulator.
The study study，，published
in the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ，found that subjects who received brain stimulation via electrode-embedded head caps improved their piloting abilities and learnt the task 33 percent better than a placebo group.
“Our system is one of the first of its kind.It’s a brain stimulation system，”system，”
explai explained ned Dr Matthew Phillips.“It sounds kind of sci sci-fi -fi ，but
there’s large scientific basis for the development of our system.The specific task we were looking现役上将
at was piloting an aircraft aircraft，，which
requires a combination of both cognitive and motor performance.When you learn something something，，your
brain physically changes.Connections are made and strengthened in a process called neuro-plasticity.It turns out that certain
functions of the brain brain，，like speech and memory memory，，are
博登海默法理学located in very specific regions of the brain ，about the s ize of your pinky.”
size of your pinky.” Dr Matthew believes that brain stimulation could eventually be implemented for tasks like learning to drive ，exam preparation and language learning.
“What our system does is it actually targets tho changes to specific regions
of the brain as you learn learn，” he ，” he
added.“The method itlf is actually quite old.In fact fact，，the
ancient Egyptians 4,000 years ago ud electric fish to stimulate and reduce pain.Even Ben Franklin applied currents to his head ，but the rigorous ，scientific
investigation of the methods started in the early 2000s and we’re building on that that
rearch to target and personalize a stimulation in the most effective way
possible.What we found is brain stimulation ems to be particularly effective at actually improving learning.”
语篇解读语篇解读 美国休斯研究实验室的研究人员已经研发出一种帮助人脑快速学习的系统，
他们声称该系统能够直接将新技能和新知识上传到你的大脑。们声称该系统能够直接将新技能和新知识上传到你的大脑。
9．What can we know about “life imitating art”？
效果的英文
A ．Knowledge can be directly put into our brain.
