中蔗系列新品种对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价

更新时间:2023-05-26 09:14:52 阅读: 评论:0

中蔗系列新品种对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价
作者:殷世航 周赛 黄霄宇 李文燕 李文兰 陈保善
来源:《南方农业学报》2020年第06期
奔跑吧兄弟嘉宾
        摘要:【目的】研究中蔗系列新品種对干旱胁迫的生理响应,并对其进行抗旱性评价,为后续抗旱性分子机理研究打下基础,也为抗旱甘蔗品种选育和推广应用提供理论依据。【方法】以来自同一亲本(ROC25×云蔗89-7)的中蔗系列新品种(中蔗1号、中蔗6号、中蔗9号)和新台糖22号(ROC22)为试验材料,采用桶栽法,待甘蔗幼苗长至4~5叶时,浇灌20%聚乙二醇6000(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,设清水对照和3个干旱处理(分别干旱胁迫1、3和5 d),比较分析不同处理甘蔗叶片的气孔特性、相对水含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量及丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理指标的变化差异,结合隶属函数分析法对这些指标进行抗旱性综合评价。【结果】经干旱胁迫5 d后,参试甘蔗品种的气孔闭合率增加,气孔长宽比值增大,气孔密度整体下降。其中,中蔗9号的气孔闭合率最低(14.44%),气孔密度在干旱胁迫前后均相对较高。随着干旱胁迫时间的延长,各参试甘蔗品种的相对水含量均逐渐下降,SOD活性整体增加,POD活性整体下降,可溶性糖含量先上升后下降,脯氨酸含量变化明显,MDA含量逐渐升高。其中,中蔗1号的相对水含量在干旱胁迫后下降最明显,与对照相比显著降低16.5%(P<0.05);中蔗6号和中蔗9号的SOD活性相对较高;不同干旱胁迫处理下均以中蔗1号的POD活性最低;中蔗9号可溶性糖的初始含量和干旱胁迫5 d后的含量均
酷热的反义词高于其他品种;ROC22的MDA含量高于3个中蔗系列品种,中蔗9号的MDA含量变化不显著(P>0.05),且含量最低。依据平均隶属函数值的甘蔗品种的抗旱性排序为:中蔗9号>中蔗6号>中蔗1号>ROC22,与大田表型观测结果一致。【结论】与ROC22相比,中蔗系列新品种的抗旱性相对较强。其中,中蔗9号在干旱胁迫下的气孔特性表现较好,SOD活性和可溶性糖含量较高,MDA含量最低,抗旱性综合评价结果最优。
作文可爱的小狗
        关键词: 甘蔗;干旱胁迫;气孔;生理指标;抗旱性综合评价
霸气的游戏名字        Abstract:【Objective】The physiological respon of sugarcane Zhongzhe cultivars to drought stress was studied and the drought resistance was evaluated,which laid a foundation for the follow-up study on the molecular mechanism of drought resistance,and provided a theoretical basis for the lection and application of drought-resistant sugarcane varie-ties. 【Method】The sugarcane Zhongzhe ries(Zhongzhe 1,Zhongzhe 6,Zhongzhe 9) from the same parent (ROC25×Yunzhe 89-7) and New Taiwan Sugar 22(ROC22) were ud as the test materials, and they were planted by barrels method. When sugarcane edlings grew to 4-5 leaves, watering 20
% polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG-6000) to simulate drought stress, t up a clear water control group and three treatment groups(drought stress for 1, 3 and 5 d, respectively). Compared and analyzed the changes in physiological indexes such as stomatal characteristics, relative water content, superoxide dismuta(SOD) activity, peroxida(POD) activity, soluble sugar content, proline content and malonaldehyde(MDA) content of sugarcane leaves under different treatments, combined with the membership function analysis method, the indicators were comprehensively evaluated for drought resistance. 【Result】After 5 d of drought stress,stomatal closure rate of tested sugarcanes incread,stomatal length to width ratio and stomatal density of all tested sugarcane varieties decread. Among them,the stomata closure rate of Zhongzhe 9(14.44%) was the smallest, and the stomatal density was relatively high before and after drought stress. With the extension of stress time, the relative water content of each tested variety gradually decread, the overall SOD activity incread, the overall POD activity decread, the soluble sugar content first incread and then decread, the proline content changed, and the MDA content
gradually incread. Among them,the relative water content of Zhongzhe1 decread most obviously after drought stress, which was significantly 16.5% lower than that of the control(P<0.05); the SOD activity of Zhongzhe 6 and Zhongzhe 9 was relatively high, Zhongzhe 1 had the lowest POD activity under different drought stress treatments. The initial content of soluble su-gar of Zhongzhe 9 and the content of 5 d treatment under drought stress were higher than tho of other varieties; the MDA content of ROC22 was higher than that of three sugarcane Zhongzhe varieties, and the MDA content of Zhongzhe 9 did not change significantly(P>0.05), and the content was the lowest. The drought resistance of sugarcane Zhongzhe varie-ties bad on the average membership function value was ranked as follows:Zhongzhe 9>Zhongzhe 6>Zhongzhe 1>ROC22, which was consistent with the field phenotype obrvation results. 【Conclusion】Compared with ROC22, the drought resistance of sugarcane Zhongzhe varieties is relatively strong. Among them, Zhongzhe 9 shows better stomatal characteristics under drought stress, higher SOD activity and soluble sugar content, the lowest MDA content, and the best comprehensive eva-luation result of drought resistance.
加减混合运算        Key words: sugarcane; drought stress; porosity; physiological indicators; comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance
道字
        0 引言
        【研究意义】甘蔗(Saccharum 0fficinarum L.)是多年生禾本科C4植物,主要种植于热带和亚热带地区。我国甘蔗主要分布在广西、云南、广东和海南等省(区),其中广西是我国甘蔗的主产区,占全国甘蔗总种植面积的60%以上。近年来,甘蔗与粮食果蔬争地的矛盾日益突出,甘蔗种植逐渐转向干旱缺水的坡地和偏远山区(徐超华等,2017)。由于蔗区常年降水量分配不均,灌溉设施不完备,干旱已成为制约甘蔗增产的主要因素之一,而选育和推广优良抗旱品种是甘蔗生产的当务之急(Santos et al.,2019)。中蔗系列品种(系)是由亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室选育的甘蔗新品种(系),与当前广西主栽甘蔗品种新台糖22号(ROC22)相比,中蔗系列品种具有高产、高糖、宿根性好、高抗黑穗病(张姗姗等,2019)、抗倒伏、极易脱叶等优点,有望改变我国甘蔗种植经济效益长期低迷的状况。因此,通过研究鉴定中蔗系列品种(系)的抗旱性,选育出高抗优良品种对促进蔗糖产业可持续发展具有重要意义。【前人研究进展】目
前,在植物抗旱性生理方面的研究已有较多报道(赵永平等,2018;王凯丽等,2019;Parveen et al.,2019)。在甘蔗抗旱性研究方面,毕黎明(2007)在甘蔗苗期和伸长期用25%聚乙二醇6000(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,对不同甘蔗品种叶片中蛋白质及蛋白酶的变化进行研究,结果发现不同抗旱性甘蔗品种可溶性蛋白质的谱带存在明显差异,内肽酶活性与抗旱能力相关,且酶活性越低其抗旱能力越强。朱理环等(2010)对干旱胁迫下甘蔗叶片水分和叶绿素荧光参数的变化进行研究,认为相对水含量可被用作抗旱性评价指标。秦茜(2017)研究了甘蔗叶片干旱解剖结构特征与光合能力,发现甘蔗叶片的上、下表皮气孔数量明显不同。刘璐等(2017)对桂糖系列甘蔗品种的主要抗旱性指标进行研究,发现在干旱条件下,甘蔗体内的丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均发生不同程度的改变。杨海霞等(2019)对广西7个甘蔗品种的抗旱性进行研究,结果显示,所有甘蔗品种的抗旱性均与脯氨酸含量及POD活性呈正相关。多年来的研究表明,甘蔗受到干旱胁迫后各种生理生化指标的变化较复杂,如果单凭某一指标去评定甘蔗品种的抗旱性,会具有一定局限性,而使用多个相关指标综合评价已成为植物抗旱性评价的常用方法,其中隶属函数综合评价法因简便、直观、准确,已广泛应用于高粱(高雪等,2018)、小麦(郭金生等,2019)和苜蓿(程波等,
短信王
2019)等多种植物品种的筛选中并取得良好效果。【本研究切入点】前期多年多点田间试种结果表明,中蔗系列新品种(系)具有良好的田间抗性,但该系列品种(系)的抗旱生理和分子机理尚未明确。【拟解决的关键问题】以ROC22为对照品种,研究中蔗系列新品种(系)在干旱胁迫下的生理响应,并采用隶属函数综合评价法对各指标进行抗旱性综合评价,筛选出耐旱性较好的优良中蔗品种,为后续抗旱分子机理的研究打下基础,也为抗旱甘蔗品种的选育和推广应用提供理论依据。
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