专题10 重点语法知识梳理四:代词及专练100题
Grammar1:代词
Ⅰ.概念
代词是代替名词的一种词,中考要求学生主要掌握的有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词和it的用法。
Ⅱ.人称代词/物主代词/反身代词
劳动的感受 | 我 | 你 | 他 | 她 |
主格 | I | you | he | she |
宾格 | me | you | him | her |
形容词性物主代词 | my | your | his | her |
名词性物主代词 | mine | yours | his | hers |
反身代词 | mylf | yourlf | himlf | herlf |
| 我们 | 你们 | 他们 | 它 |
主格 | we | you | they | it |
宾格 | us | you | them | it |
形容词性物主代词 | our上篮技巧30招 | your | their | its |
名词性物主代词 | ours | yours | theirs | its |
反身代词 | ourlves | yourlves | themlves | itlf |
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注意:
会场纪律(1)主格与宾格:人称代词主格作主语,宾格作宾语,例如:
Mr. Wang teaches us English.
(2)人称代词的顺序:口诀:单数二三一,复数一二三,受到批评我在前,承认错误你在后。
单数:you+he/she+I
复数:we+you+they 例如:
You, he and I are all the winners.
We, you and they are three groups.
I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.
(3)名词性物主代词可以用在of 后做定语,相当于“of+名词所有格”表示带有部分概念或
有一定的感情色彩。
He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一位朋友。
(4)名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句子中起名词的作用,可单独使用。例
Ours(Our city) is an international city.
I forgot to take my umbrella. May I share yours(=your umbrella)?
- Who pen is this?
- It’s hers.
(5)反身代词还和一些动词或介词构成固定搭配。
teach onelf 自学 | be plead with onelf 对自己满意 |
by onelf 单独地,独自地 | enjoy onelf=have a good time =have fun 玩的高兴 |
lo onelf 专心于某事,埋头于某事 | help onelf to 随便吃 |
look after onelf 照顾自己 | |
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(6)物主代词用于固定搭配的词组
on one’s own 独自 | hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 |
on one’s 去……的路上 | to one’s surpri 使某人吃惊的是 |
try one’s best 尽全力做…… | make up one’s mind 下定决心做…… |
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Ⅲ.it的用法
1. 代替前面提到的事物。
-Where is the book?
-The one with V-neck.
The old hous have been pulled down, and lots of new ones will be built.
2. 作主语,表示时间、距离、天气等。
It’s time for us to have lunch.
3. 指婴儿或不知道对方是谁。
It’s a lovely baby.
- There is a knock at the door. Who is it?
- It’s me.
4. 做形式主语。
It is important to learn English.
中午微信问候语
Ⅳ.指示代词
表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。
这,这个 | 那,那个 | 这些 | 那些 |
this | that | the | tho |
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注意:
1. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that 或tho 代替。
Television ts made in Beijing are just as good as tho made in Shanghai.
2. this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
Ⅴ酒精壁炉.疑问代词
疑问代词有who,whom,who,what 和which 等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如:
疑问代词 | 意思 | 用法 |
who | 谁 | 问人 |
who | 谁的 | 问主人 |
whom | 谁 | 问人(宾语) |
which | 哪一个 | 问选择 |
what | 什么 | 问东西、事物 |
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Ⅵ.不定代词
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。不定代词没有确定的对象,常用的有:
all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no 以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。
1. both/all, each/every
| 两者 | 三者或三者以上 |
都 | both(2/2) | all(3/3) |
都不 | neither(0/2) | none(0/3) |
或者(任一个) | either(1/2) | any(1/3) |
每一个 | each(≥2) | every(≥3) |
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注意:
neither / none of +名词的复数形式+谓语动词三单。
neither…nor…或either …or…用就近原则。
2. 复合不定代词
| -thing | -body | -one | -where |
every- | everything | everybody | everyone | everywhere |
some- | something | somebody | someone | somewhere |
any- | anything | anybody | anyone 全自动洗衣机不脱水 | anywhere |
no- | nothing | nobody | no one | nowhere |
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(1)复合不定代词后面通常可以加el, 如something el(另外的东西),anyone el(其他人),代词的所有格形式为something el’s, anyone el’s
(2)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在它们的后面。例如:
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting happen?
There is something wrong with my computer.
★no one, nothing, none辨析
no one | 仅用于表示人 | 指代可数名词 | 用来回答who的问题 | 不可跟of |
nothing | 仅用于表示物 | 指代不可数名词 | 用来回答what问题 | 不可跟of |
none | 可用于表示人或物 | 指代可数或不可数名词 | 用来回答how many/how much问题 | 可跟of |
| | | 囚禁时刻 | |
None of the shoes fit/fits me well.
--Who stayed in the classroom?
-
-No one.
--What’s in the box?
--Nothing.
--How much money have you got?
--None.
3. one, other/anther
one | 指不定的人或物,ones是复数形式 |
other | 用作单数或修饰单数时,前面必须加the;常与one连用:and ; other的复数是others,表示“其他的人或物”。 |
another | 表示“另一个人或物”或“再来一个”。 |
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★he other: 特指两个之中的“一个……另一个……”。例如:
I have two uncles. One is a teacher and the other is a farmer.
★he others/the other+名词复数:特指三个或三个以上的情况,“一个……另一些/另几个……”。例:There are four boys in the classroom. One is reading. The others are talking.
There are five flowers in the va. One is purple. The other four ones are red.
★he hers
he others 是指在一个特定的范围内,“一些……,另一些/其余的……”
some……others 是指比较泛的范围内,“一些……,别的一些……”。它们通常用来描述有很多人或事物的场面,表示不完全的列举。例如:
The students are busy with the experiment. Some are operating the machine. The others are recording the results.
Many old people are in the park. Some are walking. Others are talking about the news.
★each other/one another
each other指两个人或物之间“相互……”。
one another指三个及三个以上的人或物之间“相互……”。例如:
After the tennis match, the two players shook hands with each other.
After the football match, all the players shook hands with one another.
4. 不定代词分组辨析
① many/much
many和much都表示“许多,很多”。many后跟可数名词,much后跟不可数名词
② some/any
梦想的名言some和any 都表示“一些”,既都可以和可数名词和不可数名词连用。但通常情况下,some
用在肯定句中,any用在否定句和一般疑问句中。例如:
I have got some crisps.