Introduction
1. The Youngest National Literature
1781 (Independence War) --- 2012= about 200 years
2. Great achievement: 1930-1980, nine American writers won the Nobel Prize
The Periods of American Literature
腌萝卜怎么做
1.The colonial period (约1607 - 1765)
2. The period of enlightenment and Independence War (1765-1800)
3. The romantic period (1800 - 1865)
4. The realistic period (1865 - 1914)
5. The period of modernism (1914 - 1945)
6. The Contemporary Literature (1945 -)
Chapter I Colonial America
American Puritanism
1. The beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans(most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)
2. Strictness and austerity in conduct and religion
Puritans’ religious belief: Calvinism
◆John Calvin, the great French theologian.
The principal concepts:
1) Original sin and total depravity.
2) Predestination
3) Salvation of lected few
◆ The Puritans carried with them to America a code of values, a philosophy of life, and a point of view, which, in time, took root in the New world and became what is known as American Puritanism. (p11)议论文万能素材
The Influence of Puritanism on American Literature
1) Idealism（optimism）
2) Symbolism
3) Simplicity in writing
Significance of Puritanism
With time passing it became a dominant factor in American life, one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American Literature. To some extent it is a state of mind, a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes, rather than a t of tenets.
Time: From the arrival of the first ttlers in the early 17th century to the end of the 18th century
Literary Features
1. Forms
Personal literature in various forms --- diaries, histories, common books (札记)，journals, letters, travel books, rmons etc.
2. Content
1) practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people “at home” what life was like in the new world
幼儿园上厕所 2) highly theoretical discussions of religious questions.
3. Style
In Style, English literary traditions were imitated and transplanted.
Early writers in the colonial period
六年级下册古诗词全部John Smith, a captain, one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia; the writer of A Description of New England.
William Bradford, the first governor of the Plymouth Plantation, his writing: Of Plymouth Plantation (P16)
老丈人生日祝福语John Winthrop, the first governor of the Massachutts Bay Colony, In his famous speech A Model of Christian Charity ,he states that there was a agreement between God and his people of building a new Garden of Eden in the new world. (P17)
Therefore let us choo life, 所以，让我们选择生活，
that we and our ed 这样，我们和我们的后代，
may live by obeying His 可以听从上帝的声音，
voice and cleaving to Him, 须臾不离上帝，
for He is our life and 因为，上帝是我们的生命，
our prosperity. 我们的兴旺
___John Winthrop (1588-1649)
燃的四字成语Major writers in the period
Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672)
微波减肥 Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
Philip Freneau (1752-1832)
Charles Brockden Brown
Anne Bradstreet(1617-1672)
1. Life and Works
Her first volume: The Tenth Mu Lately Sprung Up in America 《美洲最近出现的第十个谬斯》
She was known as the “Tenth Mu”
2. Major contents of her poetry
Description of the early ttlers’ life in the new “As Weary Pilgrim”
Poems about the justice of God’s way with His Puritan flock; in arch of man’s nature and destiny and his mission in the new world. e.g. “Upon the Burning of Our Hou”
Poems to her husband and her children. e.g. “To My Dear and Loving Husband”
石鼓岭《我侬词》管道升
你侬我侬，忒煞情多；情多处，热似火；把一块泥，捻一个你，塑一个我。将咱两个一齐打破，用水调和；再捻一个你，再塑一个我。我泥中有你，你泥中有我：我与你生同一个衾，死同一个椁。
Characteristics of her poetry
singularly puritan mode of perception; imitation of Spenr and the French poet Bartas.
Contemplations (9)
The poem P17-18
Comment on the poem: (p18) When she heard the grasshopper and the cricket sing, she thought of this as their praising Creator and arched her own soul accordingly. It is evident that she saw something metaphysical inhering in the physical, a mode of perception which was singularly Puritan.
Edward Taylor
His poetic style: In his elaborate metaphors, he is like the English metaphysical poets, such as John Donne and George Herbert.
