城市介绍：北京
城市特点
Beijing Beijing is is an an ancient ancient ancient city city city with with with a a a long long long history. history. history. The The The long long long history history history leaves leaves leaves Beijing Beijing Beijing precious precious precious cultural cultural treasure. treasure. Winding Winding Winding for for for veral veral veral kilometers kilometers kilometers in in in Beijing Beijing Beijing area, area, area, the the the Great Great Great Wall Wall Wall is is is the the the only only only man-made man-made
structure that could been en in the space. The Summer Palace is a classic composition of ancient royal gardens, and the Forbidden City is the largest royal palaces in the world. Tiantan is where the emperor ud to fete their ancestors, and also the soul of Chine ancient constructions. The four four sites sites sites above above above has has has been been been confirmed confirmed confirmed world world world cultural cultural cultural heritage heritage heritage by by by UNESCO. UNESCO. UNESCO. However, However, However, the the the best best
reprentatives for Beijing are the vanishing Hutongs and square courtyards. Through hundreds of years, years, they they they have have have become become become symbol symbol symbol of of of Beijing's Beijing's Beijing's life. life. life. Tian'anmen Tian'anmen Tian'anmen square square square being being being still still still brilliant brilliant brilliant today today
with cloverleaf junctions and skyscrapers everywhere, the old-timey scene and modern culture are combined to prent a brand new visage of Beijing.
北京是一个古老的城市，有悠久的历史。离开北京悠久的历史珍贵的文化财富。蜿蜒在北京
地区有好几公里的长城。颐和园是一个经典的古代皇家园林，故宫是世界上规模最大的皇家
宫殿里。天坛是皇帝用来祭拜他们祖先的灵魂，也是中国古代建筑。以上四个已经证实列为
世界文化遗产。但是，最好的代表为北京的胡同和四合院。经过几百年的时间里，他们已经成
为北京的生活的象征。在天安门广场上依然灿烂的今天与苜蓿叶型交叉口和摩天大楼各处,
和现代文化相结合，呈现出崭新的面貌的北京。呈现出崭新的面貌的北京。
模糊拼音地理位置
Natural Geography: Beijing is located in the northern part of the North China Plain and its terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Major rivers flowing through the city include Yongding River, Chaobai River, Beiyun Canal and Juma River. With a typical continental warm temperate zone monsoon climate, Beijing has four distinct asons. The average annual
temperature at Beijing is around 12 degrees Centigrade while the average annual precipitation is 626 mm. Beijing is rich in mineral resources including coal, iron,copper, limestone and marble as well as relatively rich in the terrestrial heat resource.
自然地理：北京坐落在北部地区，华北平原、它的地形是高的，在一个较低的地区，一个是西北,
东南地区。东南地区。主要河流流经这座城市包括永定河、潮白河、主要河流流经这座城市包括永定河、潮白河、主要河流流经这座城市包括永定河、潮白河、北运河和爱丽河。北运河和爱丽河。北运河和爱丽河。与一典型大陆暖与一典型大陆暖
温带季风气候，北京拥有四季分明。在北京的年平均温度约12摄氏度而平均年降水量是626
毫米。北京是丰富的矿产资源，包括煤、铁、铜、石灰石、大理石以及相对丰富的地热资源。
文化特色
四合院四合院
Foreign Foreign visitors visitors visitors often often often think think think siheyuan siheyuan siheyuan is is is bungalow, bungalow, bungalow, actually actually actually it it it is is is not not not bungalow. bungalow. bungalow. It It It is is is traditional traditional
graceful chine building. A standard Siheyuan usually consists of hous on its four sides, and the hou which stands at the north end and faces athe south is called the main hou or north hou. The ones on both sides are called side hous, and the one shich stands at the south end and faces north is called oopposite hou or south hou.
The Siheyuan ‘s gate is usually at the southeastern corner according to the traditional concepts of the five elements that were believed to compo the univer, and the eight diagrams of divination. Normally Normally there there there is is is a a a screen-wall screen-wall screen-wall inside inside inside the the the gate gate gate so so so that that that outside
rs outsiders outsiders cannot cannot cannot e e e directly directly directly into into into the the courtyard and it is also believed to protect the hou from evil spirits. Outside the gate of some large siheyuan, there is a pair of stone lions on each side. Such a residence offers space, comfort and quiet privacy. It is also good for curity as well as protection against dust and storms.
The gates are usually painted vermilion and have large copper door rings. Usually a whole family lives in one compound. The elder generation lives in the main hou, the younger generation live in the side hous, and the south hou is usually their sitting room or study.外国游客经常认为四
合院是平房，实际上它不是平房。这是传统的优雅的中国建筑。一个标准的四合院通常是由
在它的四周的房屋，并且房子坐落在北边尽头，面临着雅典南部被称为主要房子或北屋。在双
方的被称为侧的住宅，一个厂商的南端，站在oopposite 朝北的房子去，或者叫做南的房子。或者叫做南的房子。
' ' s s 门的四合院，在东南部角落通常是按照传统观念中，五种元素被认为构成宇宙，和八卦的预
言一样。里面有一个screen-wall 通常大门，以便外人无法直接观察到这个院子里，它也被认为
可以保护我们的房子被恶鬼附著的。在门外的一些大型四合院，有一对石狮子，每一边的。这
样的一个住宅提供空间，舒适、平静的隐私。它也有利于安全以及保护，防止灰尘和风暴。防止灰尘和风暴。
盖茨通常粉刷成楼房是丹色油漆门和有大的铜环。通常一个完整的家庭住在一个化合物。年
长的一代就住在主要房间里，年轻的一代生活在身边的住宅，南的房子通常是他们的客厅或书
房。房。
风景名胜 长城长城 the Great Wall
故宫(紫禁城) the Palace Muum( the Forbidden City)
人民大会堂人民大会堂 Great Hall of the People
颐和园颐和园 the Summer Palace
香山香山 the Fragrant Hill
天安门广场天安门广场 Tian An Men Square
人民英雄纪念碑人民英雄纪念碑 Monument to the People
’s heroes 毛主席纪念堂毛主席纪念堂 the Memorial Hall to Chairman Mao
天坛天坛 the Temple of Heaven
风水改运
北海公园Beihai Park
亚运村亚运村 Asian Games Village 年俗手抄报
首都机场首都机场 the Capital Airport
民族文化馆民族文化馆 the Nationalities Cultural Palace
北京动物园北京动物园 Beijing Zoo
首都体育馆首都体育馆 the Capital Gymnasium
中国人民历史博物馆中国人民历史博物馆 Muum of Chine History and the Chine Revolution
中国人民革命军事博物馆中国人民革命军事博物馆 Military Muum of the Chine People
’s Revolution 农业展览馆农业展览馆 the Agriculture Exhibition Hall
中国美术馆中国美术馆 the Chine Art Gallery
雍和宫雍和宫 the Yonghegong Lama Buddhist Temple
十三陵十三陵 the Ming Tombs
The Great Wall at Badaling 八达岭长城 The The Great Great Great Wall Wall was was the the the greatest greatest greatest manmade manmade manmade military military military defen defen defen structure structure structure in in in ancient ancient ancient China. China. China. Its Its construction construction started started started during during during Ancient Ancient Ancient Spring Spring Spring and and and Autumn Autumn Autumn Period Period Period and and and the the the Warring Warring Warring Stated Stated Stated Period Period (770-221 (770-221 B.C.) B.C.) B.C.) At At At that that that time, time, time, walls walls walls were were were built built built by by by some some some warring warring warring states states states to to to protect protect protect their their their own own
territories. In 221 B.C., Qin Shihuang, who became the first emperor of a unified China, linked the parate parate walls walls walls into into into a a a ¡¡°ten-thousand-li ten-thousand-li wall¡wall¡wall¡±± to to defend defend defend against against against invaders invaders invaders from from from the the the North. North. North. From From
then on, the Great Wall was continuously extended and repaired by following dynasties. Most of wall has deteriorated badly; at prent, the best prerved is the wall built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)).
The The Ming Ming Ming Dynasty Dynasty Dynasty Wall Wall stretches stretches from from from the the the Y Y alu River River in in in Liaoning Liaoning Liaoning Province Province Province in in in the the the east east east to to Jiayuguan Jiayuguan Pass Pass Pass in in in Gansu Gansu Gansu Province Province Province in in in the the the west, west, west, a a a length length length of of of more more more than than than 6,000 6,000 6,000 kilometers. kilometers. kilometers. It It It runs runs through 5 provinces, 2 autonomous regions and 2 municipalities in the Northern China.
The Great Wall at Badaling is the best reprentative ction of the Great Wall. It is more th
an 7 meters meters high high high and and and 5 5 5 meters meters meters wide. wide. wide. It It It was was was the the the strategic strategic strategic point point point of Juyongguan Pass of Juyongguan Pass in in ancient ancient ancient times. times. Many other fortress and beacon towers were constructed at the strategic points.
八达岭长城八达岭长城
长城是最大的人造结构在中国古代军事防御。它的建设开始在古代春秋时期和战国时期(公
元前770-221陈述)在那个时候，墙壁建立一些战国来保护他们自己的领土。公元前221年，秦
始皇，成为了第一个皇帝的一个统一的中国，联系起来的墙壁变成一个独立ten-thousand-li °
±睡不着觉的墙以抵御入侵者会睡不着觉的从北而倾。从那时起，长城又被不断扩展和修复
由以下两代。大多数的墙已经恶化得厉害；目前，保存最完好的那面墙，建于明朝(1368 (1368 -
- 1644))。
猪肉白菜包子
学习情况报告明朝从鸭绿江墙延伸为辽宁东部，当日通过甘肃省在西方，一个长超过6000公里。贯穿五省,
自治区，直辖市2 2在中国北部。在中国北部。
八达岭长城是最好的代表段长城。它是超过7米高，宽5米。这是战略要地的观赏居庸关通
过在远古时代。许多其他的要塞和灯塔建造工程，塔楼的战略要点。塔楼的战略要点。
The Palace Muum 故宫博物馆
Built Built from from from 1406-1420 1406-1420 1406-1420 during during during the the the Ming Ming Ming Dynasty, Dynasty, Dynasty, the the the Imperial Imperial Imperial Palace, Palace, Palace, popularly popularly popularly known known known as as as the the Forbidden Forbidden City, City, City, was was was the the the permanent permanent permanent residence residence residence of of of the the the emperors emperors emperors of of of the the the Ming Ming Ming and and and Qing Qing Qing Dynasties Dynasties
(1368-1911). It covers over 720,000 square meters of floor space, with more than 8,700 rooms, surrounded surrounded by by by city city city wall wall wall as as as high high high as as as ten ten ten meters meters meters and and and a a city city moat moat moat as as as wide wide wide as as as 52 52 52 meters. meters. meters. It It It can can can be be
divided into the front and the back parts. The front part or the Outer Court where emperors held important ceremonies consists of the three great halls of Tai He Dian, Zhong He Dian and Bao He Dian, which form the main body, and Wen Hua Dian and Wu Ying Dian, which are arrayed like wings on the sides. The back part or the Inner Court, where emperors handled routine state affairs and lived with their wives and concubines, consists of Qian Qing Gong, Jiao Tai Dian, Kun Ning Gong, Yang Xin Dian as well as six east and west palaces and the imperial garden--Yu Hua Yuan.
The Imperial Palace is the largest and most complete ancient imperial complex so well prerved in China. It embodies collectively ancient Chine traditions and architectural art. In 1961, it was proclaimed an important cultural site under state protection, and was listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 1987.
故宫博物馆故宫博物馆
建成了从1406-1420明朝期间，故宫，通常被称为“紫禁城，是永久居住地的皇帝，明清时期袖()。它涵盖72万平方米的面积，以超过8700名间客房，包围城墙高达10米，护城河边宽52米。它
可以分为正面的和背面的部分。前面的部分或外院皇帝举行重要庆典包括在这三次大的厅堂
里的大他他掂量掂量，钟先生和他滇、构成主体，和温家宝和吴英掂量掂量华欣，摆阵像翅膀两
喝奶粉和纯牛奶哪个好
边。后面的部分或内院，在那里皇帝处理日常国家事务，住在他们的妻子和妾，由黔滇青宫、交
通、昆山大宁宫、杨鑫滇以及六东方和西方的宫殿和御花园——余华元。通、昆山大宁宫、杨鑫滇以及六东方和西方的宫殿和御花园——余华元。
故宫是最大、保存最完整的皇家建筑群这么好保存古代在中国。它体现了中国古代传统的集
体和建筑艺术。1961年10月30日，它宣布成立一个重要的文化遗址在国家保护，并被列入世
界文化遗产。1987年被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)
Yuanmingyuan 圆明园
Yuanmingyuan, located in t he northwestern suburbs of Beijing next to the Summer Palace, is a the northwestern suburbs of Beijing next to the Summer Palace, is a theme park with particular historic meaning renovated on the ruins of the famous imperial garden in the Qing Dynasty.
Y uanmingyuan was was compod compod compod of of of three three three parate parate parate gardens: gardens: gardens: Y Y uanmingyuan (Garden (Garden of of of Perfect Perfect Splendor), Splendor), Changchunyuan Changchunyuan Changchunyuan (Garden (Garden (Garden of of of Eternal Eternal Eternal Spring), Spring), Spring), Qichunyuan Qichunyuan Qichunyuan (Garden (Garden (Garden of of of Blossoming Blossoming
Spring). It covers an area of about 350 hectares with scenic spots up to one hundred. In 1707 the Qing Emperor Kangxi built the first garden on this site. In the next 150 years through the reigns of other other five five five emperors¡emperors¡emperors¡ªªYongzheng, Qianlong, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Jiaqing, Jiaqing, Daoguang Daoguang Daoguang and and and Xianfeng¡Xianfeng¡Xianfeng¡ªªthe the garden garden garden was was constantly constantly expanded expanded expanded to to to be be the the largest largest largest imperial imperial imperial garden garden garden in in in the the the world world world at at at the the the time. time. time. The The The builders builders builders of of Y uanmingyuan not not only only only inherited inherited inherited and and and developed developed developed the the the traditional traditional traditional gardening gardening gardening art art art of of of China C
hina China by by reproducing reproducing many many many famous famous famous natural natural natural scenes scenes scenes and and and gardens gardens gardens south south south of of of the the the Y Y uangtze River, River, but but but also also
introduced some European horticultural techniques. Streams and lakes enlivened the garden's hills. The man-made landscapes looked very natural. During its heyday the Europeans extolled it as the ¡°Garden Garden of of of Gardens¡Gardens¡Gardens¡±± and and ¡¡°ersailles V ersailles of of of the the the East¡East¡East¡±±. . Unfortunately Unfortunately Unfortunately this this this ¡¡°wonder wonder of of of human human civilization¡civilization¡±± was sacked, looted and burned to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in October 1860.
圆明园，位于北京西北郊区，下到颐和园是一个主题公园与特定的历史意义翻新的废墟上著名
的皇家园林在清朝。的皇家园林在清朝。
圆明园是由三个独立的花园：圆明园(花园)，仿建的完美光彩永恒的春天(花园),Qichunyuan 花
园朵朵(1)。它占地约350公顷，景点多达一百。清康熙在1707年后第一次建立了花园在这个
地点上。在以后的150年，通过自ªYongzheng 其他五位皇帝、乾隆、嘉庆睡不着，汉学与先锋
睡不着觉的不断扩大ªthe 花园可能是规模最大的皇家园林是世界上的时间。圆明园的建造者
关于朋友的句子
不仅继承并发展了中国传统造园艺术的再现许多著名的自然景观和园林Y uangtze 南部的河,
但也会介绍一些欧洲园艺技术。但也会介绍一些欧洲园艺技术。溪流、湖泊及库区花园的丘陵。人造景观看起来很自然。在溪流、湖泊及库区花园的丘陵。人造景观看起来很自然。在
单车歌词其鼎盛时期欧洲人赞美它作为°的睡不着觉的花园，花园°±不着睡不着觉睡不着觉的凡尔赛宫的东方±。不幸的是这种睡不着觉睡不着觉的奇妙之人类文明°±被解雇，烧杀抢掠到地面的英法联军部队在1860年10月。月。
传统艺术
北京京剧
Beijing opera or Peking opera (simplified Chine: 京剧; traditional Chine: 京剧京剧; pinyin: J
īngj ù) is a form of traditional Chine theatre which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It aro in the late 18th century and became fully developed an
d recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes are bad in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south. The art form is also enjoyed in Taiwan, where it it is is is known known known as as as Guoju Guoju Guoju ((国剧; ; pinyin: pinyin: pinyin: Gu Gu ój ù). ). It It It has has has also also also spread spread spread to to to other other other countries countries countries such such such as as as the the United States and Japan.
Beijing Beijing opera opera opera features features features four main four main types types of of of performers. performers. performers. Performing Performing Performing troupes troupes troupes often often often have have have veral veral veral of of each each variety, variety, variety, as as as well well well as as as numerous numerous numerous condary condary condary and and and tertiary tertiary tertiary performers. performers. performers. With With With their their their elaborate elaborate elaborate and and
colorful costumes, performers are the only focal points on Beijing opera's characteristically spar stage. They utilize the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. Above all el, the skill of performers is ev
aluated according to the beauty of their movements. Performers also adhere to a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production. The layers of meaning within each movement must be expresd in time with music. The music of Beijing opera can be divided into the Xipi and and Erhuang Erhuang Erhuang styles. styles. styles. Melodies Melodies Melodies include include include arias, arias, arias, fixed-tune fixed-tune fixed-tune melodies, melodies, melodies, and and and percussion percussion percussion patterns. patterns. patterns. The The repertoire repertoire of of of Beijing Beijing Beijing opera opera opera includes includes includes over over over 1,400 1,400 1,400 works, works, works, which which which are are are bad bad bad on on on Chine Chine Chine history, history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life.
In recent years, Beijing opera has attempted numerous reforms in respon to sagging audience numbers. The reforms, which include improving performance quality, adapting new performance performance elements, elements, elements, and and and performing performing performing new new new and and and original original original plays, plays, plays, have have have met met met with with with mixed mixed mixed success. success. Some Some Western Western Western works works works have have have been been been
adopted adopted adopted as as as new new new plays, plays, plays, but but but a a a lack lack lack of of of funding funding funding and and and an an an adver adver political climate have left Beijing opera's fate uncertain as the form enters the 21st century. 京剧或京剧(简体中文：京剧，京剧；中国传统：拼音:J īngju)是一种中国传统剧场，结合了音乐、声乐表演，哑剧，舞蹈和杂技。它兴起于18世纪晚期，成为全面发展和认可的mid-19th 世纪。在当时非常流行的形式在清朝宫廷和逐渐被认为是中国的文化瑰宝。主要表现为基础的剧团在北京和天津在北方，和上海在南方。这种艺术形式也喜欢在台湾，在它被称为Guoju；拼音:Guoju(国剧)。它也已扩散到其他国家，如美国和日本。如美国和日本。
京剧里有四种主要的表演者。表演团体经常有几个各品种的，还有大量的二、三表演者。与他们的精心和服饰的色彩、表演者是唯一重点京剧的特征性改变稀疏的阶段。他们利用技能的言语、歌、舞，以及战斗在动作，是象征性的意义，并且暗示，而不是现实。比什么都重要，表演者进行评估的技巧根据他们的动作的美。表演者也坚持各种文体惯例或协定，以帮助观众浏览情节的生产。在每一层的意义必须被表达在运动时间和音乐。京剧的音乐可以分为Xipi 和Erhuang 风格。阿里,fixed-tune 旋律包括旋律、和打击乐的模式。京剧的剧目，其中收藏了
