考研英语(一)-30
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
二、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)
三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
瘁读音
In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.
That"s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 year
s have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of veral historians reveal the moral compromis made by the nation"s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country"s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong—and yet most did little to fight it.
More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expresd distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.
For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was "like having a large bank account," says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clau that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purpos of congressional reprentation.
And the statesmen"s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed
Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purcha in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
Still, Jefferson freed Hemings"s children—though not Hemings herlf or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after obrving the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.（分数：20.00）
(1).George Washington"s dental surgery is mentioned to（分数：4.00）
A.show the primitive medical practice in the past.
B.demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.
C.stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.
&veal some unknown aspect of his life. √
解析：[解析] 细节题。本题可以运用排除法。A项就事论事，很明显作者提及该事例的目的不是为了单纯地介绍过去原始的医疗行为。文中没有提及奴隶制度的残酷，排除B项。C项本身逻辑上存在漏洞，该事例最多只能说明奴隶对于华盛顿本人的作用，谈不上在美国历史上的作用。故选D项，作者从他人不熟悉的故事入手，让读者看到一个“不同于历史书中的华盛顿”。
(2).We may infer from the cond paragraph that（分数：4.00）车载行车记录仪
A.DNA technology has been widely applied to history rearch.
有时候有时候我会相信一切有尽头 B.in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations. √
C.historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson"s life.
D.political compromis are easily found throughout the U.S. history.
解析：[解析] 推断题。B项就是第二段倒数第二句中the fragile nature of the country"s infa
ncy的改写。根据排除法，A项中添加的“widely”是错误的，排除；C项将“历史研究”曲解为“故意编造”，排除。D项偷换概念，将“moral compromis”和“the country"s infancy”改为了“political compromis”和“throughout the history”，排除。
来安万象
(3).What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?（分数：4.00）
A.His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.
B.His status as a father made him free the child slaves.
C.His attitude towards slavery was complex. √
D.His affair with a slave stained his prestige.
分付
解析：[解析] 细节题。从文章的内容来看，Jefferson知道奴隶制是错误的，但是他又作出了compromi(妥协)，从此而知，其对待奴隶制的态度是复杂的(complex)，所以C项正确。A项文章没有提到。B、D项是对原文的曲解。
(4).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：4.00）
鸭胸
A.Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery. √
B.Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.
C.Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.
D.Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.
解析：[解析] 细节题。从倒数第二段第二句中可以看出Jefferson能在1800年大选中以微弱优势胜出是得意于其“将奴隶看作3/5人，纳入到选票中”，所以A项正确。其他选项表述均不准确。
(5).Washington"s decision to free slaves originated from his（分数：4.00）
&al considerations.
B.military experience. √
C.financial conditions.
翻转棋
D.political stand.
解析：[解析] 细节题。从最后一段第二句after obrving the bravery of the black soldiers during the 可以看出在目睹黑人士兵英勇作战以后，华盛顿做出了释放奴隶的决定，因此B项为正确选项。
四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
张渠伟
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly parate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which prents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to e the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway"s Cottage, Shakespeare"s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC"s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It"s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns t
heir living, was himlf an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noi-making.
The tourist streams are not entirely parate. The sighters who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don"t usually e the plays, and some of them are even surprid to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-eing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town"s revenue becau they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sighters can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don"t e it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally . Nevertheless every hotel in town ems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can"t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a s
ubsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 ats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they"ll do better.) The reason, of cour, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a shame to rai prices too much becau it would drive away the young people who are Stratford"s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all em to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 ats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:（分数：20.00）
(1).From the first two paragraphs, we learn that（分数：4.00）
A.the townsfolk deny the RSC"s contribution to the town"s revenue. √
B.the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and offstage.
C.the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.
D.the townsfolk earn little from tourism.
解析：[解析] 细节题。根据题干定位到前两段。由文章第二段第一句The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue(斯特福特镇那些可敬的居民们质疑剧团是否真的能为他们增加些许收入)可以看出，居民们否认了剧团对城镇收入的贡献，因此A项“城镇居民否认皇家莎士比亚公司对小镇做出贡献”正确。前两段文章都是在论述皇家莎±比亚公司与城市居民之间的抵触情绪。文中并没有提及演员在舞台下也模仿莎士比亚，因此B项错误。C项偷换概念，文中是讲述RSC和居民的矛盾，而不是RSC本身内部分为两派。D项明显与原文相反，居民从旅游业中获益是很大的，而不是几乎没有。
(2).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that（分数：4.00）
A.the sighters cannot visit the Castle and the Palace parately.
B.the playgoers spend more money than the sighters. √
C.the sighters do more shopping than the playgoers.
