英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门知识考点总结
Unit1.（选择、判断、填空）
1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack
2.The capital of each country :
3.The time joining the British parliament:
However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.
4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:
● British Isles: the island of Great Britain
the island of Ireland
surrounding isles
● UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland
England London
算来一梦浮生Scotland
Edinburgh Wales
Cardiff Northern
Ireland Belfast
Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales
5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :
At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.
Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire.
Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.
the Angle-Saxon invaded.
Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land",later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.
the Vikings invaded.
Result in a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England, which can be expresd as "Saxon" versus "Dane".
the Normans , William of Normandy invaded this country.
Result: This marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invading
London: (P18)
Unit2（选择、判断、填空）
Northern Ireland (often called "Ulster"after an ancient Irish kingdom)
1.Activities to ek Irish independence :
●Home -rule
●The Easter Rising of 1916: was the most spectacular event, in which the rebels took
over Dublin's Post Office, forcing the British to retake it by military means.
2.Political parties:
●the Sinn Fein party legal
●SDLP: Social Democratic and Labour Party
●IRA: Irish Republican Army (illegal)
3.Political troubles in Northern Ireland (famous):
●Indigenous Roman Catholics vs. Protestant immigrates
●Partition(分割) : The southern 26 counties would form an independent "free state",
while the 6 north-eastern counties would remain a part of the UK.
(即26 Republic Ireland ,6 Northern Ireland )
4.the Good Friday Agreement :(了解下，P36)
Unit 3
1.Process of state building:
The process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution.之际是什么意思
2.The oldest institution of government in Britain :
Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.
3.Divine right of kings :
It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.
4.Magna Carta :
limits on the king's ability to abu his royal power.
5.the Bill of Rights :
ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament. ( William of Orange 时期)
6.The Constitution :(P49)写信封的格式
7.The functions of parliament :（P49）
8.Parliament:
●The queen : (symbolid ,traditional )
She is legally head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, commander in chief of the armed forces and "supreme governor" of the Church of England，a confidante to the Prime Minister（了解下）
●The Hou of Lords ：do not receive salaries ，both xist and elitist (了解下)
Lords Spiritual hereditary peers雅尔丁
Lords Temporal life peers
●The Hou of Commons (P49) 重要
Unit4
1.The importance of general elections:(P67) 重要
婚娶
2.The electoral campaigns :(P67)
3.The formation of the government :(P67)
4.The class system in the UK:(P67)
5.Ethnic relations in the UK:(P67) 了解下
6.The main political parties in the UK:
●The Conrvative party (newest) : tting up the National Health Service
●The Labour party: From 1979 to 1997, the Conrvative Party won 4 elections in row ●The Liberal Democrats: a party of the "middle"
松鼠的简笔画Margaret-Thatcher 改⾰(There were also negative conquences) 了解下
Unit5(判断、选择、填空)
1、Absolute Decline
2、Relative Decline of the UK economy: (P81) 重要
3、the reason for its relative decline :(了解下)
the country had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war
the era of empire was over
Large military expens
Outdated industries and less-competitive products
A lack of clo relationship between industry and banks
4.The division of British industries :
Primary industries (mining industry 矿业)
Secondary industries (steelindustry钢铁业)
Tertiary industries (insurance 保险，the lling of goods)
5.The City: The name given to the historic area at the centre of London
6.The London Stock Exchange: The heart of the City
（伦敦的中⼼是伦敦城，伦敦城的中⼼是伦敦证券交易所）
Unit6（填空、选择、判断）
1.Beowulf :
One of the oldest of the early "Old English" literary works is a long poem from Anglo-Saxon times called Beowulf.
2.Geoffrey Chaucer：The Canterbury Tales
3.Elizabethan Drama:
Marlowe ：The Tragical History of Dr Faustus
William Shakespeare ：Romeo and Juliet The Taming of the Shrew
毛毛虫游戏
Hamlet A Midsummer Night's Dream tragedies Othello comedies Twelfth Night
（重要）King Lear The Tempest
Macbeth.
history plays：Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caesar，Antony and Cleopatra
4.The 17th Century:
John Milton : Paradi Lost
5.The 18th Century:
Jonathan Swift : Gulliver's Travels
6.The Romantic Period:
William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge：Lyrical Ballads （marked the beginning of the Romantic Period. ）George Gordon, Lord Byron
Three men John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
7.The Nineteenth Century Novel:
Mary Shelley: Frankenstein
Sen and Sensibility
Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice
Emma
Charlotte : Jane Eyre the Bronte sisters Emily: Wuthering Heights
Ann
Elizabeth Gaskell : North and South
Oliver Twist
Charles Dickens David Copperfield
工装靴Great Expectations
The Return of the Native Thomas Hardy Tess of the D’Urbervilles
Jude the Obscure
8.Female writers in the 19th century of Britain:
Mary Shelley
Jane Austen
the Bronte sisters
Elizabeth Gaskell
9.20th Century Literature :
Twentieth century literature can be broadly divided into two stylistic periods: Modernism, and Postmodernism.
Joph Conrad ：The Heart of Darkness
Mrs. Dalloway
Virginia Woolf To the Lighthou
Orlando
A Room of One's Own
D. H. Lawrence : Sons and Lovers
Unit7
1.The purpo of the British education system:
①provide children with literacy and the other basic skills
②sociali children
③children are taught practical skills
④learn the rules and values
⑤participate in the community
⑥contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.
2.The influence of the church on schooling:
●education was voluntary and many of the schools that existed were t up by
churches.
●religious education was the only subject
●Daily prayers and singing hymns is still a regular part of school life
3.The National Curriculum：
●All children throughout the country must study the following subjects: English,
mathematics, science, religious education, history, geography, technology, music, art, physical education, and a modern foreign language.
●All children throughout the country must pass national tests and schools.
●All teachers are told what to teach and their schools are now ranked according to
how well they perform this task.
4.State school:
93% of pupils receive free education from the public ctor.
5.Independent school(public schools/ private school):
Independent schools are not part of the national education system.
