Of Fame Francis Bacon
钢铁是怎样炼成的原文>金刚圈作品集
THE poets make Fame a monster. They describe her in part finely and elegantly, and in part gravely and ntentiously. They say, look how many feathers she hath, so many eyes she hath underneath; so many tongues; so many voices; she pricks up so many ears.
This is a flourish. There follow excellent parables; as that, she gathereth strength in going; that she goeth upon the ground, and yet hideth her head in the clouds; that in the daytime she sitteth in a watch tower, and flieth most by night; that she mingleth things done, with things not done; and that she is a terror to great cities. But that which pasth all the rest is: They do recount that the Earth, mother of the giants that made war against Jupiter, and were by him destroyed, thereupon in an anger brought forth Fame. For certain it is, that rebels, figured by the giants, and ditious fames and libels, are but brothers and sisters, masculine and feminine. But now, if a man can tame this monster, and bring her to feed at the hand, and govern her, and with her fly other ravening fowl and kill them, it is somewhat worth. But we are infected with the style of the poets. To speak now in a sad and rious m
anner: There is not, in all the politics, a place less handled and more worthy to be handled, than this of fame. We will therefore speak of the points: What are fal fames; and what are true fames; and how they may be best discerned; how fames may be sown, and raid; how they may be spread, and multiplied; and how they may be checked, and laid dead. And other things concerning the nature of fame. Fame is of that force, as there is scarcely any great action, wherein it hath not a great part; especially in the war. Mucianus undid Vitellius, by a fame that he scattered, that Vitellius had in purpo to remove the legions of Syria into Germany, and the legions of Germany into Syria; whereupon the legions of Syria were infinitely inflamed. Julius Caesar took Pompey unprovided, and laid asleep his industry and preparations, by a fame that he cunningly gave out: Caesar’s own soldiers loved him not, and being wearied with the wars, and laden with the spoils of Gaul, would forsake him, as soon as he came into Italy. Livia ttled all things for the succession of her son Tiberius, by continual giving out, that her husband Augustus was upon recovery and amendment, and it is an usual thing with the pashas, to conceal the death of the Great Turk from the janizaries and men of war, to sav
e the sacking of Constantinople and other towns, as their manner is. Themistocles made Xerxes, king of Persia, post apace out of Grecia, by giving out, that the Grecians had a purpo to break his bridge of ships, which he had made athwart Hellespont. There be a thousand such like examples; and the more they are, the less they need to be repeated; becau a man meeteth with them everywhere. Therefore let all wi governors have as great a watch and care over fames, as they have of the actions and designs themlves.
保险公司招聘信息论谣言 衡量的近义词曹明伦
电子商务创业个税完税证明诗人把谣言视为一种怪鸟，其记述谣言的文字往往既精致优雅，又简练庄重。他们说，瞧呀，谣言有多少羽毛，就有多少只眼睛、多少根舌头、多少种声音，而且她还竖起那么多耳朵。
此即谓绚词丽句。其后尚有绝妙的比喻，诸如说谣言总在流传中积聚力量；说谣言在地上行走，却把头藏在云中；说谣言白天藏在瞭望塔，多在夜间飞驰；说谣言总把已行之事和未行之事混为一谈；还说谣言于通都大邑不啻为恐怖之缘由。不过最贴切的一种比喻是：谣言系大地女神该亚（即向天神朱庇特挑战并被其消灭的那些提坦巨神之母亲）因儿子们
战败而在一怒之下所生。这种比喻甚妙，因为被喻为叛乱者的提坦神与煽动叛乱的流言蜚语一阳一阴，可谓兄妹。但眼下若有人能驯服这只怪鸟，将其收养，令其听命，并任其去追逐消灭其他鸷禽，这倒堪称可为之举。不过笔者也难免会沾染一些诗人风气。若以严肃认真的态度来加以谈论，可以说在所有政治话题中，最值得谈论而又最少被谈论的莫过于谣言这个话题。因此笔者将谈论一下几点：何谓假谣言，何谓真谣言，二者该如何辨别？谣言如何散播并扩散，如何煽动并蔓延，又该如何将其抑制并平息？以及其他有关谣言之性质的问题。谣言的影响力极大，几乎在所有重大事件（尤其是战争）中，谣言都起了一种重要作用。穆奇阿努斯使维特里乌斯失去帝位，凭的就是他散布的一则谣言：说维特里乌斯计划将驻叙利亚的军团调往日耳曼，而将驻日耳曼的军团调往叙利亚，结果驻叙利亚的军团被完全激怒了。凯撒对庞培攻其不备，使其懈怠的原因也是凯撒巧妙放出的一则谣言：说由于疲于征战，又负载从高卢获取的战利品，凯撒的军队对凯撒已不再拥戴，一到意大利就会把他抛弃。莉维亚能安排好一切，使儿子提比略继位，靠的也是不断放风，说她病重的丈夫奥古斯都正在恢复，即将痊愈；而这也是土耳其那些帕夏的惯用伎俩，他们往往对苏丹驾崩的消息秘而不宣，以免禁卫军和驻外军团依旧习劫掠君士坦丁堡和其他城镇。特米斯托克利令波斯王薛西斯一世仓皇撤离希腊，也是凭放出传闻，说希腊人准备摧
毁他搭建的那座横跨达达尼尔海峡的舟桥。此类史例数以千计，多得没必要一一枚举，因为世人对此随处可见，随处可闻。鉴于此，所有明智的统治者对谣言均须密切关注，时时警励，就像他们亲自关注其行动计划一样……
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