1.Puritanism（清教主义）: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.
1.) simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who ttled in the North American continent in the early part of the venteenth century becau of religious percutions.
2.)In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,eapecially hostility to social pleasure and religion .
3.)with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature .to some extentit is a state of mind , a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a t of tenets.
4.浅予）Actually it is a code of values , a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds , also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common n .
5）Major topic:American Puritanism
Introduction
There were no written literature among the more than 500 different Indian languages and tribal cultures，American writing began with the work of English adventurers and colonists in the New World chiefly for the benefit of readers in the mother country. Therefore the writing in this period was esntially two kinds:
（1）practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people “at home” what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration;
(2) highly theoretical, generally polemical(好辩的）, discussions of religious questions.
2.The American Romanticism(浪漫主义)
I. What is Romanticism
a literary movement flourished as a cultural force
the early period and the late period.
无internet访问associated with imagination and boundlessness,
as an historical movement it aro in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The most clearly defined romantic literary movement in the U. S.A was Transcendentalism.
窗边的小豆豆作者Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper,
and tho of the late period contain Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe.
II.Features of American romanticism
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(1) It was the expression of “a real new experience(全新体验)”.
(2) American Puritanism was a cultural heritage. Many American romantic writings intended to edify(启发) more than they entertained.
跳高的英文(3) American Romanticism is full of “newness(新奇)” .
Ideals：Individualism; political equality
Dream：America: a new Garden of Eden
(4) American romanticism was both imitative and independent.
3..transcendentalism、（超验主义）transcendentalism: It stresd the power of intuition, believing that people could learn things both from the outside world by means of the five ns and from the inner world by intuition. It took nature as symbolic of spirit or God. All things in nature were symbols of the spiritual, of God’s prence. It emphasized the significance of the individual and believed that the individual was the most important element in society and that the ideal kind of individual was lf-reliant and unlfish. Transcendentalists envisioned religion as
an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “Oversoul”.
4.Naturalism: It views human beings as animals in the natural world responding to environmental forces and internal stress and drives, over none of which they have control and none of which they fully understand. The literary naturalists have a major difference from the realists. They look at a different spot to find real life.
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