英语被动语态的中译法
2019-07-05
摘要:英语中被动结构的句⼦⼗分常见,虽然汉语有时也⽤被动语态,但⽐较起来却很少见。那么,译成中⽂时应如何去处理英语中⼤量的被动语态呢?如何使译⽂成为符合语⾔习惯的、规范的现代汉语呢?本⽂将从四个⽅⾯归纳英语被动语态译成中⽂时的⼏种常见⽅法。
1.将被动句改译成主动句。
如果原⽂是被动语态,译成中⽂的被动语态显得很不合适,或者不⼤⾃然,就不妨改为主动语态,这种情况⼤致包括四种类型。
1.1 原⽂中的主语在译⽂中仍做主语。
例如:(1) The subject will be treated more fully later.这个主题稍后将详细讨论。(2)This room must be tidied up.房间该收拾⼀下了。
1.2 原⽂中的主语在译⽂中做宾语。
如何炒港股
例如:(1)Life cannot be understood without much charity.没有爱⼼,就⽆法了解⼈⽣。(2)I’m afraid I shall be laughed at.我怕⼈家笑我。
1.3 改译成汉语的判断句,即带表语的主动句。这种翻译法⼀般适⽤于加强语⽓的判断句。
例如:(1)The book was bought in Beijing这本书是在北京买的。
(2)A knowledge of statistics is required for the analysis of data.
要做资料分析,具备统计学知识是必要的。
2.将被动句改译成被动句。
汉语虽然较少运⽤被动语态,但有时也⽤被动语态结构来着重强调被动的动作,同时也是为了保留原⽂的主语,因为它往往是注意⼒集中的⼈或事物。将英语被动句译成中⽂被动句时,除了运⽤“被”字外,往往还借助“挨、遭、遇、教、应、让、给、受、获、承、蒙、得、邀、见、由(为)…所、因…予以、加以”等字眼。翻译时可以灵活运⽤,以达到译⽂活泼,传神的效果。如:(1)Even in tho years he was paid high respect.即使在那⼏年,他仍很受尊重。(2)He was made fun of by all his classmates.他遭到全班同学嘲弄。
3.将英语被动句改译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句。
例如:(1)Every country will be reprented by its Prime Minister or Foreign Minister.各国将由总理或外交部长任代表
(2)Natural light or “white” light is made up of many colors.⾃然光或“⽩光”是由许多颜⾊组成的。
(3)Rivers are controlled by dams. 拦河坝把河流控制住了。
(4)He was regarded as a Republican by everyone,even though he had always thought of himlf as an “independent”.
所有⼈都把他看成共和党⼈。尽管他⼀直认为⾃⼰是“⽆党派⼈⼠”。
(5) The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.
学生手册⼤⽕使这著名的旅馆⼏乎全部毁灭。
4. 改译成汉语的⽆主句。
如果根据上下⽂或者谈话当时的环境,能够明⽩⾏为的主体是什么,或者出于礼貌和语⽓关系,可以采⽤这种译法。
(1)No arrangements have been solved.
没做好安排。
吃什么祛湿(2)A chemical equation must be balanced.
必须平衡化学⽅程式。
(3)More people will be nt to work there.
要派更多的⼈到那⾥⼯作。
(4)Two were killed, nine were wounded.
打死了两名,打伤了九名。
(5)Another railway will be built there.
那⾥还要修筑⼀条铁路。
(6) So far no conclusion has been arrived at.
到现在为⽌,还没有得出结论。
5.⼀些常⽤被动句型的翻译。
山西高考网这类句型是以it 作为形式主语的被动结构,翻译时,可译成⽆主句,亦可加上适当的不确定的主语。如:It is said that… 据说,有⼈说
It is well-known that …众所周知,⼤家都知道
It is believed that…⼈们相信,⼤家相信
It is reported that…据报道,据通报
It is learned that…据闻,据说,已查明
It is found that…据发现,⼈们认为
It is considered that…据估计,⼈们认为
It is felt that…有⼈感觉到,⼈们认为
烦的句子It is thought that…有⼈认为
It is noticed that…⼈们注意,有⼈指出
It is announced that…据称,有⼈宣称
It is sometimes asked that…⼈们有时会问
It will be en that…可见,可以看出
It will be en from this that…由此可见
It should be pointed out that…必须(应该)指出
It is suppod that…据推测,假设,⼈们猜测
动摇是什么意思It is asrted that…有⼈主张
It was described that…据介绍,有⼈介绍说
It is predicted that …据估计,预计
It is expected that…⼈们希望
It is suggested that…有⼈建议,建议
It is recommended that…有⼈推荐,有⼈建议
It is decided that…已经决定
It cannot be denied that…⽆可否认
It is stresd that…⼈们强调说
It is declared that…据宣称,有⼈宣布
It is propod that…有⼈提出,提议,⼀般认为
It is established that…可以认定
It is hoped that…希望,有⼈希望
It has been proved that…已经证明
6.结论:以上介绍的是英语被动语态译成中⽂的⼏种基本⽅法,在英语学习和实践中,我们只要本着 “
忠实、通顺”的翻译原则,就可以灵活运⽤这些⽅法,从⽽在翻译被动语态时会做出更好的技术处理。
打印分辨率参考⽂献:
[1]张培基、喻云根、李宗杰、彭谟禹,1983,《英汉翻译教程》[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社
[2]徐启华、王乃⽂,1989,《实⽤英译汉教程》[M],上海:上海外语教育出版社
作者简介:
吴桂玲(1968- ),⼥,满族,辽宁⾩新⼈。讲师,研究⽅向:外语教学理论与实践。
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