mid函数怎么用江苏省泰州市民兴实验中学2021-2022学年高二下
学期开学考英语试题
一、阅读理解
1. What Does Humanely Raid Mean?
Chicken labels often bear claims related to how the birds were raid. But “humane(人道的) treatment” means different things to different groups-and may not match what you'd expect. Below, veral labels are rated on how well they meet tho expectations.(Note that the score for animal welfare shown below relates to chicken raid for meat.)
USDA Organic Animal Welfare Approved
Overall Score 5 Overall Score 5
Animal Welfare 1 Animal Welfare 5
Overall, this is one of the most
meaningful labels a food can carry,
indicating that producers stick to national
standards requiring that animals be raid
without added antibiotics(抗生素). But it
falls short as far as animal welfare is
concerned mainly becau the Department of
Agriculture hasn't introduced relevant
遍
rules on outdoor access.
Standards for this label are t by
a nonprofit group, A Greener World.
钦察人Chickens must have access to the
outdoors and be freely raid on family
申请强制执行
farms, meaning the farmer owns the
animals. Painful procedures are
forbidden, and birds must be stunned(打
昏)before slaughter(屠宰).
Certified Humane Raid & Handled American Humane Certified
Overall Score 4 Overall Score 3
【小题1】Which label stress the necessity for outdoor access? A．USDA Organic. B．Animal Welfare Approved. C．Certified Humane Raid & Handled. D．American Humane Certified 【小题2】According to the passage, which of the following is true? A．A Greener World is not likely to appeal to animal right campaigners.
B．USDA Organic gives priority to meat quality over animal welfare. C．Birds under American Humane Certified spend most time in darkness. D．Humane Farm Animal Care ensures birds have very spacious room. 【小题3】In which ction of a magazine will this passage appear?
A．Science news. B．Financial
reports.
C．Consumer
guidance.
D．Animal
kingdom.
2. Four years ago, Alastair Driver was made director of Rewilding Britain, a charity with a mission to shake up conrvation in the UK. Rewilding, in theory, is to restore land and let nature take back control. Once he got started, he fell in love with conrvation all over again. Alastair’s goal is to make the concept mainstream. So far, he’s moving in the right direction. “The British government is including rewilding in future farming policy,” he says.
If anyone knows what’s good for Britain’s wild spaces, it’s Alastair. His father was a country naturalist, so the natural world played a big role in his life from an early age. After studying ecology at university, he went on to become a conrvation officer
for the Thames Water Authority, where he spent 34 years prerving rivers and wetlands. Then, in 2002, Alistair took charge of the Environment Agency, shaping national policy and strategy until 2016.
Now, he believes rewilding is the next step for nature
restoration in the UK and it needs to happen on a much larger scale. As such, Alastair spends most of his time travelling around the UK, meeting with landowners, advising them about the advantages of rewilding their land, and offering practical tips for getting started. In just four years, he’s en a m assive uptake in interest. In the early days, Alastair would literally ring around his contact list to get people involved; now, he can hardly cope with emails and calls coming his way. Part of this change is a symptom of the bigger environmental challenge s facing mankind. “People are more aware of climate change and the biodiversity crisis,” he says.
Towards the end of 2020, with Alastair’s continuous efforts, the Rewilding Network was launched, a platform where farmers and landowners can connect, share ideas, and ek expert advice. Currently, just over 200, 000 acres of land are being rewilded
through the network. For Alastair, it’s a huge step in the right direction.
露营用品【小题1】What is Alastair’s goal in Rewilding?
A．To regain his interest in conrvation.
B．To force the government to make policies.
C．To get the idea recognized by most people.
D．To adverti the charity for more donations.
【小题2】What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．What Alastair studied in the past.
B．When Alastair started conrvation.
C．How Alastair’s father influences him.
D．Why Alastair knows much about nature.
【小题3】Why does people’s attitude towards rewilding change? A．Alastair puts efforts to promote rewilding.
B．Alastair has faith in the value of rewilding.
C．People face fewer environmental challenges.
D．People are taught measures to rewild the land.
【小题4】What can we learn from Alastair’s story?
A．Don’t judge a book by its cover.
B．Birds of a feather flock together.
C．A devoted soul can achieve his goal.
D．A man becomes learned by asking questions.
3. In a weightless, microgravity environment like space, how can someone with sight or mobility problems navigate in the space station? As scientists continue to push the boundaries of spaceflight and the possibility of human life on other planets, how can we build space infrastructure (基础设施) friendly to all humans？
The Mission AstroAccess project aims to answer the questions, starting with a historic parabolic (抛物线的) flight that took off from Long Bench on Oct. 17, 2021. A group of 12 disabled scientists, students, athletes and artists launched into a zero-gravity environment as a first step. To get a better idea of what is needed
for more inclusive (包容的) space travel, AstroAccess plans to
conduct a ries of follow-on parabolic flights after the first launch. On the flights, a plane flies up to an altitude of around 32, 000 feet and then begins a descent at about 4 miles per cond. This quick descent creates a microgravity, weightless effect lasting roughly 30 conds. Afterwards, the plane climbs back up to a stable altitude, and repeats the process again.
The 12 AstroAccess Ambassadors lected for this first
microgravity flight included four blind or low-vision Ambassadors;
two deaf or hard-of-hearing Ambassadors；and six with mobility disabilities, all carrying out various tasks in the weightless environment. One of the challenges was eing whether all members could perform basic safety and operational tasks. The crew also
tested whether sound beacons (声信标) could be ud for blind members to direst themlves, They are also investigating how American Sign Language will be impacted by microgravity.
“My whole career goal is to make the average person able to go
to cuter space, where you don’t have to be a crazy trained a stronaut with perfect physical abilities and health to visit cuter space,” said Brenda Williamson, head of the AstroAccess logistics committee. “I grew up on Star Trek, so the idea of exploration is really important.”
【小题1】Why is the Mission AstroAccess project carried out？
A．To expo the disabled to zero gravity.
B．To train a group of disabled astronauts.
C．To involve all humans in spaceflight.
D．To build mobile space infrastructure.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “descent” in paragraph 2 mean？
晴朗的日子
A．Going down. B．Going up. C．Taking off. D．Touching down.
【小题3】What do we know about the 12 lected Ambassadors？
了解汉字A．They all have mobility problems.
B．They communicate by sign language.
C．They do scientific rearch in the lab.
D．They perform tasks in weightlessness.
【小题4】What does Brenda Williamson think of the project？A．Meaningful. B．Successful.
C．Unrealistic. D．Challenging.
4. Artificial intelligence is one of the most concentrated industries in the world, which influences education, criminal justice, hiring and welfare, But so far the industry has escapedregulation (管理), despite affecting the lives of billions of people, even when its products are potentially harmful.
The COVID-19 pandemic has sped this up. Many Al companies are now promoting emotion recogniti
稀罕的反义词
on tools (ERTs) for monitoring remote workers. The systems map the “micro-expressions”in people’s
faces from their video cameras. Then they predict internal emotional states drawn from a list of suppodly universal categories: happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, surpri and fear. However, there is scientific doubt whether emotional states are accurately detected
at all. “It is not possible to confidently infer happiness from a smile, or sadness from a frown,” a 2019 review stated.
Resistance to this highly controversial (有争议的) technology is growing; the influential.
Brookings Institute suggested ERTs be banned completely from u
by law. The European Union becomes the first to attempt a proposal to regulate AI, but the draft AI act has its problems. It would ban most “real-time” biometric ID (生物识别) systems — but fails to define what exactly real-time means.
Clearly, we need far stronger protections and controls that address such harmful effects on society. However, too many
policymaker s fall into the trap of “enchanted determinism”: the belief that AI systems are magical and superhuman — beyond what we can understand or regulate, yet decisive and reliable enough to make predictions about life-changing decisions. This effect drives a kind
of techno-optimism that can directly endanger people’s lives. For example, a review in the British Medical Journal looked at 232 machine-learning algorithms (算法) for predicting outcomes for COVID-
