2021届高考英语二轮复习专题讲义全程跟踪
专题七 动词的非谓语形式
命题规律：2020年新高考I卷及近五年课标卷在语篇型填空中对非谓语动词用法的考查比较全面，各种功能用法均有所涉及，主要考查非谓语动词作状语、宾语、定语的用法。
命题趋势：1. 高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且对非谓语作宾语、状语、定语的考查仍会是考查重点。
2. 非谓语动词作补语可能会成为未来高考的一个难点。
一、非谓语动词的概述
1. 非谓语动词的形式
| | 主动形式 | 被动形式 |
肯定句 | 不定式 | to do, to be doing, to have done, to have been doing | to be done, to have been done |
v-ing形式 | doing, having done | being done, having been done | 年终奖计算方法
虾仁玉子豆腐过去分词 | | 七夕含义done |
否定句 | 以上形式前加not,如: not to do, not doing, not to be done, not having done |
复合 结构 | 宿舍效应动名词 | 名词所有格、形容词性物主代词+动名词 |
不定式 | for sb./sth. to do |
| | | |
2. 非谓语动词的句法功能
| 腹部胀疼是什么原因 | 主语 | 宾语 | 补语 | 表语 | 定语 | 状语 |
不定式 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ 赶集啦 |
动名词 | ✔ | ✔ | | ✔ | ✔ | |
分词 | | | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| | | | | | |
练习：
写出句中黑体部分在句中所作的成分
1、Being able to have access to digital payment is such a convenience for us in the modern age.
2、Our parents tell us that they miss the age when they swam catching fish in the pond of their village.
3、 Faced with much trouble，President Xi Jinping is making great efforts to lead us to
a harmonious dream.
4、When I came in，the crying boy pretended to be sleeping on the sofa.
5、With the 5G are coming，we should prepare ourlves for the rapidly developing society.
6、The new Gaokao reform can make every teenager feel pretty ambitious for an ideal future.
7、After being overcome，the trouble ems like such a tiny stone.
8、Embarrasd and shameful，the little Japane slipped quickly into the
crowd.
9、To be admitted by a key university，every teenager is managing to fulfill his
tasks.
10、Ma Yun having retired from Alibaba，many staff members are trying to adapt to the new work atmosphere.
答案:
1、主语
2、伴随状语
3、时间状语
4、宾语
5、宾语补足语
6、宾语补足语
7、宾语
8、伴随状语
9、目的状语
10、独立主格结构作状语
二、非谓语动词作宾语
1. 下列动词一般用不定式作宾语
口诀 幕墙龙骨 | 解释 | 例句 |
决心学会想希望 | decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish | She pretended not to e me when I pasd by.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。 We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn't turned up yet.我们约好了在此地见面，但是她到现 在还没有露面。 |
拒绝设法愿假装 | refu, manage, care , pretend |
主动答应选计划 | offer, promi choo, plan |
同意请求帮一帮 | agree, ask/beg, help |
| | |
此外，afford, strive, happen(碰巧)，wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
2. 下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语
口诀 | 对应动词（词组） | 例句 |
考虑建议盼原谅 | consider，suggest/advi，look forward to，excu/ pardon | The squirrels were lucky that they just misd being caught.松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。 河广I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 我对你今天下午回电话表示感谢。 I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.我几乎不能想象彼得在五天之内横渡大西洋。 He got well-prepared for the job interview，for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity. 他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。 |
承认推迟没得想 | admit，delay/put off，fancy（想象，设想） |
避免错过继续练 | avoid，miss，keep/ keep on，practice |
否认完成就欣赏 | deny，finish，enjoy/ appreciate |
禁止想象才冒险 | forbid，imagine，risk |
不禁介意准逃亡 | can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape |
| | |
注意： allow，permit，forbid，advi，consider后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作窦语，则用不定式作宾补。
搭配：
allow/ permit/ forbid/ advi/ consider+ doing sth.(动名词作宾语)/sb. to do sth(不定式作宾补)
例句：We don't allow smoking in the hall.我们不准有人在大厅内吸烟。
Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke over there.
这里禁止吸烟，但你可以去那里吸。
3. 作介词的宾语
无论是普通介词还是含介词的动词短语，一般情况下要用动名词作宾语。
例：
If you insist on doing something，do it every day.
如果你坚持做某件事，那就每天做。
注意：
to既可以作介词，又可以作不定式符号，因此要牢记含介词to的常用短语。
to作介词的短语（to后+doing）：
be ud to（习惯于）
be accustomed to（习惯于）
be oppod to（反对）
object to（反对）
lead to（导致）
be devoted to（献身于）
come clo to（差点）
stick to（坚持，坚守）
get down to（开始）
pay attention to（注意）
reduce sb./（使沦落）
例：
He is ud to getting up early.
他习惯了很早起床。
Heart failure can sometimes lead to being killed.
心力衰竭有时可能会导致死亡。
I was so angry that I came clo to hitting him.
我如此生气以至于差点儿打他。
He was reduced to begging in the streets.
他沦落到沿街乞讨。
4. 下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
1）remember
+to do sth.记着要做某事（do后于remember）
+doing sth.记得做过某事（do先于remember）
例：
Remember to lock the door.
记得锁门。
I remember locking the door.
我记得把门锁上了。
2）forget
+to do sth.忘记要做某事（do后于forget）
+doing sth.忘记做过某事（do先于forget）
3) regret
+to say/遗憾地说/告诉/通知……（say/tell/inform后于regret）
+doing sth.后悔做过某事（do先于regret）
4）stop
+to do sth.停下来做另外一件事
+doing sth.停下正在做的事
例：
I stopped digging and looked at him.我停止挖，看着他。
He stopped to look at him.他停下来看着他。
5）try
+to do sth.尽力做某事
+doing sth.试着做某事
例：
Try doing more exerci and you will lo weight.
试着多运动，你就会减肥了。
I will try to improve my habit.
我将尽力改进我的习惯。
6）mean
+to do sth.打算做某事
+doing sth.意味着做某事
例：
Raising salary means increasing purchasing power.
涨工资意味着提高购买力。
He didn't mean to hurt you.
他并没打算伤害你。
7）can’t help
+to do sth.不能帮助做某事
+doing sth.情不自禁做某事
例：
She couldn't help bursting into tears.
她禁不住突然大哭起来。
That can't help to improve your English.
那对你提高英语水平没有帮助。
5. 有些动词既可以用动名词也可用不定式作宾语，但用法不同。
1）sb. need (s) / want (s) + to do sth
sth. need (s) / want (s) + doing/ to be done
