悲伤的七个⼼理阶段(SevenStagesofGrief)
⼀般⼈遇到不幸的事情,⼼理都有⼀个正常的反应和过程。现代⼼理学将这个过程总结为七个阶段。当然,根据每个⼈的情况不同,在不同的阶段,每个⼈停留的时间也存在差异。在这个过程中,有些⼈为了让痛苦早⽇结束,⽽做出逃避痛苦的事情,反⽽让⾃⼰的⼼理在某个阶段停留的时间更加长。有些⼈甚⾄因为拼命逃避痛苦⽽使得⾃⼰⼀直⽆法⾛出痛苦的状态。
下⾯就为⼤家介绍《伤逝的七个阶段》。了解这个七个阶段,可以帮助当事⼈早⽇摆脱⼼理的痛苦。
祝福老师的话简短
蒜香炸排骨>spyware 以下内容均转载⾃爱⽩⽹,为了⽅便⼤家理解,我稍作了修改。如果有朋友看得懂英⽂,那么可以阅读我附在最后的英⽂版本。
这是⼼理学上常⽤的⼀个经历痛苦或突发性不良事件的反应过程,这些事件可以包括亲⼈去世、失恋、得知⾃⼰患有绝症等等。在经历了这样的事情后,绝⼤多数⼈会经历这七个阶段,当然⼈与⼈不⼀样,有些⼈很快就会跨过某⼀步,也有⼈可能在某⼀步羁留很久。理解这个规律,不论是对于本⼈还是希望协助朋友⾯对痛苦的⼈,都是很有⽤的。
1. 震动和否认
你刚得不幸消息的那⼀刻,很可能会产⽣⼀种⿇⽊的不能相信之感。你也许会在某种程度上否认事实,
以避免痛苦。⽽强烈的感情冲撞所产⽣的⽭盾⼼理则会保护你的情感,使你不⾄于⼀下⼦被情绪淹没。这个阶段可能持续好⼏周。
2. 痛苦和内疚
当⽭盾的⼼理退去,取⽽代之的将是巨⼤的痛苦。虽然有时是难以承受的精神折磨,但是你必须彻底地承受这种痛苦,不要隐藏它、逃避它,也不要企图借酒或借药消愁。
事物的作文
你也可能会因为做过或没做过的某些事情⽽感到内疚或懊悔。在这⼀阶段,你觉得⽣活⼀团糟,处处令你惊恐。
3. 愤怒和许愿
懊丧的感觉将被愤怒所取代,你可能会把坏消息归咎于别⼈的责任。这种时候,⼈容易发泄⾃⼰郁积已久的情绪。请努⼒控制⾃⼰,因为那样会破坏你的⼈际关系。
你也可能抱怨命运:“为什么偏偏是我?”在极度沮丧中,你也可能会对上天许下徒劳的⼼愿,例如“如果可以不发⽣,我就再也不喝酒了。”
4. 消沉,回忆,孤独
当你的朋友开始觉得你的⽣活应该回到正轨的时候,你很可能正被长时间的悲伤的回忆所包围。这是伤逝的⼀个正常阶段,所以不要因为旁⼈善意的劝解⽽强装没事。在这个阶段,别⼈的⿎励并没有多⼤的帮助。
在这段时间,你终于明⽩你究竟失去了什么,⽽这会使你消沉。你可能会故意把⾃⼰隔离起来,回忆过去,脑海被那些记忆所占据。你可能会感觉到空虚与绝望。
5. 好转
自已>帅臣
当你逐渐适应了巨变之后的⽣活,你的⽣活会变得较为冷静,趋于有序。痛苦的⾝体症状会减轻,你的消沉也将有所好转。
6. 重建和恢复
⽣活恢复正常运转,你的⼼智也开始重新⼯作,对于巨变所导致的⽣活问题,你会下意识地寻求现实的解决⽅法。你将开始应对⼀些实际问题和财务上的问题,开始重建⽣活。
7. 接受和希望
在这七阶段的最后⼀个阶段,你学会了接受,学会了⾯对现实。接受并不意味着马上能变得快乐。在经历过痛苦与⼼乱之后,你再也不
会回复到之前那⼀个⽆忧⽆虑的你了。但你总会找到⼀条前⾏的路。
你会开始往前看,开始计划未来。最后,你将能够不带痛苦地回想起之前的⽣活,——悲哀会有,但是揪⼼的痛苦不再。你将再次对将
来的美好时光怀有希望,乃⾄在⽣活经历中再次找到乐趣。
附上英⽂版:
Seven Stages of Grief
1. SHOCK & DENIAL-
You will probably react to learning of the loss with numbed disbelief. You may deny the reality of the loss at some level, in order to a
2. PAIN & GUILT-
As the shock wears off, it is replaced with the suffering of unbelievable pain. Although excruciating and almost unbearable, it is imp
You may have guilty feelings or remor over things you did or didn't do with your loved one. Life feels chaotic and scary during th
3. ANGER & BARGAINING-
Frustration gives way to anger, and you may lash out and lay unwarranted blame for the death on someone el. Plea try to contr
You may rail against fate, questioning "Why me?" You may also try to bargain in vain with the powers that be for a way out of your d
4. "DEPRESSION", REFLECTION, LONELINESS-
Just when your friends may think you should be getting on with your life, a long period of sad reflection will likely overtake you. This meaning outsiders. Encouragement from others is not helpful to you during this stage of grieving.
During this time, you finally realize the true magnitude of your loss, and it depress you. You may isolate yourlf on purpo, refl
5. THE UPWARD TURN-百折不饶
As you start to adjust to life without your dear one, your life becomes a little calmer and more organized. Your physical symptoms l
6. RECONSTRUCTION & WORKING THROUGH-
As you become more functional, your mind starts working again, and you will find yourlf eking realistic solutions to problems p
7. ACCEPTANCE & HOPE-
During this, the last of the ven stages in this grief model, you learn to accept and deal with the reality of your situation. Acceptanc
You will start to look forward and actually plan things for the future. Eventually, you will be able to think about your lost loved one w
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