虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用(导学案)
一．学习目标
1.掌握if条件从句中虚拟语气的用法。
2.初步学习隐含的虚拟条件含义，了解考查虚拟语气的表达形式。
怎么卸载手机自带软件二． 课题引入 —— 讨论学习
虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件从句中的运用
分析比较课本上的5个语法句子，指出该句分别是对什么时候的虚拟。
1. If you could have three of the paintings on the walls of your classroom, which 家长试卷签字评语大全would you choo?
2. If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint?
3. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to p
aint such realistic pictures.
总结：用法及动词形式
关于童趣的古诗
类型 | 条件句 | 主句 |
与现在事实相反 | If+主语+did （be动词were） | 主语+should/would/ could/might+do |
与过去事实相反 | If+主语+had done | 主语+should/would/ could/might+have done |
与将来事实相反 | 1.If+主语+did 2.If+主语+were to 3.If+主语+should | 主语+should/would/ could/might+do |
| | |
试一试：
1.If ____________________(我是你)，I would ize the opportunity to go abroad.
2.If you ________________(听了我的意见)，you would not have failed in the exam.
3.If you ________________(明天来），we would have the meeting.
4.If it ________________ (下雨) tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
三.当堂训练
1.用虚拟语气完成下列句子
1. 如果我是一只小鸟，我会飞到月球上去。
If I _____ a bird, I ______ to the moon.
2. 如果她和我们在一起，我们会更早完成任务。
If she _____ us, we ____ the task earlier.
3. 如果有人给我钱的话，我明天就去买辆车。
If someone ______ me enough money, I ______ a car tomorrow.
2. 直接朗读下面的句子，让语法规则潜移默化在记忆里。
1. If you (get) up 5 minutes earlier, you____ (catch) the first bus.
2. If he me, he __ me.
假如他看见我， 就会认出我。
3. If they ______ (be) here, they __________(take) your advice.
4. If the world-war ___________(break) out again, what ________________ (happen) to our people on earth?
5. If the policeman _____________ (be not) in that room, it ________________ (be) very dangerous.
6. If he _______________ more carefully (drive)， he________________ the car accident yesterday. (not have)
7. If I ___________________ how to swim (learn)，I _________________ trapped in this island. (not be )
8. If Tom (be) more careful in the exam, he _______ (pass) it already.
9. If I _______ (be) in your position, I _____________(ask) for teacher’s help.
10. If I ______ a lot of money now, (have) I ___________ around the world. (travel).
补充： 省略if的条件句
在条件句中可省略____, 把________, ________, ______提到句首，变为倒装句式。
eg.① If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→假如我是科学家_________________________, I would study harder.
② If it should rain tomorrow, would you still go to the park?
→______________________________ , would you still go to the park?
③ If it had not been for your help, I would not have made so much progress.
→_____________________________,I would not have made so much progress.
④Were I to do it, I ___ ___ it some other way.
A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do
※ 若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。
eg. Were it not for the expen, I would go abroad now.
但不能说：Weren’t it for the expen, I would go abroad now.
四五味子醇甲. 方法、规律归纳、突破
情 况 | if 从句（谓语） | 主句（谓语） |
与现在事实相反 | | |
与过去事实相反 | | |
与将来事实相反 | | |
| | |
五．知识升华
I．错综时间条件句(混合条件句)
1.比较：
① If you had followed my advice yesterday, you
_______________(不会被责备) by the teacher.
※ If 从句中表与过去事实相反，所以用___________________；
主句也表与过去事实相反，所以用______________________小兔找太阳。
② If you had followed my advice yesterday, you _________(不会有麻烦) now.
※ If 从句中表与过去事实相反，所以用____________________；
主句表______________相反，所以用____________________。
2.eg.③ If he had studied hard before, he______________(就是第一名) now.
④ If the doctors hadn’t tried their best to save you, you _______________________ (就不会站在这儿) now.
3. 归纳：
当if条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来确定。
II. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有with, without, but for.
eg. If it were not for help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
= ________________________, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
= = ________________________, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.
III. 含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，考试的英文而通过生活活动小班or, but, however, otherwi来代替条件句。
eg.①I was ill that day,___________(否则我参加了) the sports meeting.
② He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,____________________(否则我就不知道) about it.
③ _____________________(我本可能给你) more help, but I was too busy.
※ 注意在此类句中，表示事实部分和表示虚拟部分的时态问题
eg. The firefighters_________(及时赶到), otherwi the factory on fire would not have been saved.(arrive)
六.作业
高考真题演练
1.(2013北京)34. If we ______ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
