1878-0296 © 2010 Published by Elvier doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.022如沐春风造句
房颤用药
可爱女生Available online at
Procedia Environmental Sciences 2 (2010) 185–191
International Society for Environmental Information Sciences 2010 Annual Conference (ISEIS) Environmental Impact Asssment of Land U Planning in Wuhan City Bad on Ecological Suitability Analysis
Liu Jie, Ye Jing, Yang Wang, Yu Shu-xia*
七年级数学上册知识点总结Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment,
Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
Abstract
Chine Law of Environmental Impact Asssment obligates the environmental impact asssment on land u planning. It will have a direct impact on regional land u patterns, and then affect the regional eco-environmental quality. Currently, the rearches on theories and methodologies for envi百分比最简单的算法
ronmental impact asssment of land u planning are hotspots in the fields of plan environmental impact asssment. With the support of ENVI 4.2, the remote nsing images of Wuhan City are interpreted, and then landforms, such as rivers, lakes and built-up areas, etc., are extracted. The digital elevation model is built on the 1:250000 topographic maps, then the terrain factors, e.g., slope, elevation, are extracted. With the support of spatial analysis module in ArcGIS 9.2, the comprehensive evaluation for urban industrial land ecological suitability are obtained bad on the factor overlay analysis. The proportion of suitable, basically suitable and not suitable for land u is 20%, 28% and 52%, respectively. Finally, the land u planning is evaluated with indicators bad on the ecological suitability analysis. The results showed that the layout for industrial land in Wuhan Urban Master Plan (1996-2020) is basically rational, and consistence with the conclusions derived from the ecological suitability analysis. The study attempts to provide reference for the methodology of plan environmental impact asssment.解忧杂货店读后感
© 2010 Published by Elvier Ltd.
Keywords: Land u planning, Analysis of ecological suitability, Plan environmental impact asssment, Wuhan City
1.Introduction
Land u planning is a means of optimal allocation of land resources, which is often ud to plan and arrange land u of study area in the aspects of land scale, land u structure and spatial distribution. It plays an important role in reasonable distribution of land resource and organization of land u[1]. Land u planning affects the regional eco-environmental quality, ecosystem rvices, and also influences regional social-economic-environmental system by changing land u patterns and structure. Rational land u planning can promote rapid development of regional economy and sustainable utilization of land resources[2]. Therefore, it is necessary to *Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-27-87672332; fax: +86-27-87288618.
E-mail address: shuxia_yu@mail.
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evaluate the environmental impacts of land u planning, to analyze the environmental effects of planning from the perspective of ecological protection and construction, and then to minimize the adver environmental impacts from the source[3].
Plan environmental impact asssment is a formal, synthetic and systematic process to appraisal the environmental impacts of plans and the alternatives[4,5]. The ultimate objective of plan environm
ental impact asssment is to ensure that asssing conclusions and environmental conquences are integrated into strategic decision-making process[6-9], such as the decision-making in local land u planning. Plan environmental impact asssment is the only type of strategic environmental asssment that is required to be conducted in plans by Chine Environmental Impact Asssment Act, which has been executed since September 1, 2003.
Studies of environmental impact asssment on land u planning have just started in China, and are still on the exploratory stage[10,11]. Tho studies are mainly focud on improving the evaluation system, exploring the evaluation methods and so on[3,9,12,13] Quantitative analysis of environmental effects and processing of spatial information are the most difficult procedures which have no generalized evaluation approaches at prent.
In previous studies of environmental impact asssment on land u planning, the commonly applicable methods falls into veral catalogues. Expert judgment method, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and multi-objective analysis are often ud to lect asssment indicators[11], and driver-pressure-state-respon (DPSR) conceptual model is ud to establish index system within its own frame[14]. Checklist and matrix method are widely applied in environmental impact identification[12]. Scenario analysis[15], overlay method, geographic information system (GIS) and r
emote nsing (RS) have a important role in environmental impact prediction[16]; furthermore, the integrated application of overlay method and GIS and RS can analyze cumulative environmental impact of land u planning. Ecosystem rvice valuation method[17], GIS and RS, and Delphi method are applicable to environmental impact asssment. Tho methods can be ud to identify, forecast, and analyze potential environment impact when land u planning is brought into effect[18-20]. However, it is difficult to evaluate the impact of the changes of land u structure for their deficiencies in processing of the regional spatial information and synthetic analysis of multiple attribute information. The deficient methodologies have become a restriction to the actual impacts evaluation of land u planning.
Ecological suitability analysis of land u is a comprehensive application of ecology, earth science, system science, environmental science and computer science to analyze land development and utilization suitability for eking the best pattern and planning of land u. Marull et al.[2] ud the land suitability index, which is a transparent and modular hierarchical system, for the strategic environmental asssment in the metropolitan areas.
Stoms and McDonald[18] ud the land u suitability as a tool in fuzzy asssment for rearch rerves. Steiner and McSherry[1] applied the ecological suitability analysis for upper Gila River wat
ershed. Cheng and Wang [10] took Dalian Free Trade Zone and Export Processing Zone as study area for application of regional environmental impact asssment. But it is ldom applied on environmental impact asssment of land u planning.
Taking the land u planning of Wuhan City as a ca, the ecological suitability of land u will be analyzed with the information extraction and analysis function provided by GIS and RS. And then the results will be ud as indicators to evaluate the suitability of land u planning of Wuhan City. This study will enrich the methodology of environmental impact asssment on land u planning, and give reference to related rearches.
2.Study area
Wuhan City, which lies at the east of Jianghan Plain, between 113°41ƍE and 115°05ƍE, 29°58ƍN and 31°22ƍN, with a total area of 8549.01 km2, is the political, economical, cultural and financial center of Central China. The urban area, which belongs to the eluvial alluvial plain, is divided into three parts, i.e., Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, by Yangtze River and Han River. The average altitude is below 50m with an undulant terrain interval by hilly and plain. Red soil and yellow brown soil are widely distributed. The land u types are diver, the land suitability is extensive, and the utilization degree is higher.
Liu Jie et al. / Procedia Environmental Sciences 2 (2010) 185–191187 3.Ecological suitability analysis
3.1 Methodology
Bad on the theory of ecological suitability analysis, ArcGIS 9.2 is taken as a tool to process spatial information. Firstly, a single-factor layer is constructed; then the factor weights are determined by AHP; and finally, all single factor layers are overlapped by spatial analyze module of ArcGIS 9.2. The synthetic results are ud to evaluate the ecological suitability of Wuhan industrial land u (Figure 1).
Fig. 1. Technical routine of the ecological suitability analysis for industrial land u
3.2 Selection and classification of evaluation index
The evaluation indices are lected bad on the systematic, applicable, and both qualitative and qu
antitative principles, and the principles of dominant factor and consistency. According to the actual situation of Wuhan City and the related available information, water domain, land u status, slope, elevation, and vegetation are lected as factors for ecological suitability analysis.
According to the relationships between the factors and ecological suitability of industrial land u, with the application of Delphi method, the evaluation indices are divided into three catalogues, i.e., suitable, basically suitable, unsuitable for industrial u, and encoded to 5, 3 and 1, respectively (Table 1).
Table 1. Classification of the factors for ecological suitability analysis for industrial land u
Factor Suitable basically
suitable
unsuitable
Weight Elevation <50m 50m~100m >100m 0.0380 Slope <5° 5°~15° >15° 0.0596 Coverage >35% 35%~20% <20% 0.0969 Lake and buffer 800m 400m Lake 0.1768
River and buffer 400m 200m River 0.2455鱼皮的功效与作用
Land u status Commercial and
residential areas
Farmland, grassland and
woodland
Paddy and water body 0.3832
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3.3 Determination of weight
Due to the complex, interrelated and mutual restriction relationships between the various evaluation indices, the importance of each index to land ecological suitability is different. Therefore, the synthetic ecological suitability is not just the sum of every single factor. In this study, the weight of every factor is obtained after the procedures of AHP method, e.g., construction of judgment matrix, calculation of eigenvalue and eigenvector, normalization, and consistency checks[21].
3.4 Generation of single factor layer
一般纳税人和小规模纳税人的区别
The elevation factor is extracted from 1:250,000 topographic map, and then the digital elevation model (DEM) is built. The slope factor is obtained using 3D Analyst module of ArcGIS 9.2. The land u status is obtained with the support of ENVI 4.2, which is ud to perform the supervid classification bad on the Landsat TM of Wuhan City. Then rivers, lakes, vegetation coverage and other factors are extracted from the TM image. Finally, single factor layers are generated from buffer analysis.
3.5 Synthetic analysis of ecological suitability
Bad on the factor-weighted index model, the synthetic score are obtained by overlaying 30m×30m raster map layer onto the obtained single factor layer using raster calculator in ArcGIS 9.2 spatial analysis module.
The indicator value of rivers and lakes, which are unsuitable for industrial land u, are assigned to 0. The synthetic score S of ecological suitability analysis varied from 1.5 to 5. Using the value of frequency curve method and considering the spatial distribution of synthetic score, industrial land u of Wuhan City can be divided into three categories: suitable (4.0<S 5.0), basically suitable (2.6<S 4.0) and unsuitable (1.5<S 2.6) for industrial u.
The synthetic evaluation result is shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2. The ecological suitability analysis of industrial land u
Liu Jie et al. / Procedia Environmental Sciences 2 (2010) 185–191189 4. Results and Discussion
4.1 Results of suitability analysis
The ecological suitability for industrial land u of Wuhan City is low, with higher in the middle area and lower
in peripheral areas. The land suitable for industrial u mainly distributes in the central of Wuhan City, with a total area of 1693.4 km2, ca. 20% of the city. The region has a high degree of urbanization, superior natural conditions, abundant human resources and convenient transportation. Development and utilization have low adver influence on the ecological environment and landscape pattern. Therefore, the proper arrangement should focus on the rational functional zoning, industrial size effect, and the development of high-tech and environmental-friendly industry to minimize the regional pollution.
The land basically suitable for industrial u distributes evenly, with a total area of 2390.8 km2, accounting for 28% of the whole study region. This area has a gentle gradient, with large amount of arable and shrub land distributed. Provided the enhancement of existing transportation construction, it can be developed in a modest way, but must follow the nature of land utilization and land u pattern to protect the arable land.
The region unsuitable for industrial u mainly distributes in the vicinity of rivers and lakes, the forest zone, and the northern and northeastern mountain area, which has large evaluation and slope. With a total area of 4382.9 km2, about 52% of the study area, the region is an ecological nsitive area, which can be easily affected by human disturbance, and not suitable for development. Protection to the eco-environment should be strengthened in order to improve the stability and diversity of ecosystems.
4.2 Asssment of Wuhan land u planning
According to the Wuhan Urban Master Plan (1996-2020), five major industrial agglomerations will be formed in 2020. The are Qingshan and Yangluo as main area of steel, chemical, environmental protection industry; Zhuankou as the automobile and electrometrical industry; Guanshan as the photoelectron and bio-pharmaceutical industry; Wujiashan as the ba of food industry area; and the rest as city industrial zones. The corresponding industrial land generally lies at the central of Wuhan City, e.g., Qingshan, Dongxi Lake, Caidian district, and so on (Figure 3). Compared with the ecological suitability analysis for industrial land u of Wuhan City (Figure 2), the general layout of industrial land u in the master plan belongs to suitable area, and is rational and feasible.
Fig. 3. The industrial land u layout of Wuhan Urban Master Plan (1996-2020)
