高考英语阅读理解冲刺训练Day 4
Passage 1图文识字
Daniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it's important to distinguish television's influences on children from tho of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn't really cau, overlooking our own roles in shaping children's minds.
One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images（影像）. Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they e. Actually, children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents u an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the t and do something in another room.
Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.
But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn't take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents' educational background have a stronger influence on a child's reading. “A child's reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.
Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ（智商） scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, rearch suggests that it's the other way around. “If you're smart young, you'll watch less TV when you're older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.军事管理区
For years rearchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.
开往春天的地铁
1. By watching TV, children learn _______.
A. images through words
B. more than explicit meanings
初中英语作文 C. more about images than words
D. little about people's psychology
2. An educational program is best watched by a child _______.
A. on his own
B. with other kids
C. with his parents怪开头的成语
D. with his teachers
3. Which of the following is most related to children's reading ability?
长吟
柠檬种植 A. Radio-listening.
B. Television-watching.
C. Parents' reading list.圈一
D. Parents' educational background.
4. Anderson believed that _______.
A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he is
B. the younger a child is, the more he watches TV
C. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TV
D. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school
5. What is the main purpo of the passage?
A. To advi on the educational u of TV.
B. To describe TV's harmful effects on children.
C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.
D. To prent Anderson's unconventional ideas.
Passage 2
Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person los objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arous his anger.
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amu another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person bad on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels（决斗） as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG （脑电图） measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal （额叶前部） areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向） that most of us posss most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and, as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioural respon to anger is different from our respon to other emotions, whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move clor to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of offensive anger: the angry person moves clor in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry （不对称） of EEG activity. Interestin
gly, this asymmetry lesns if the angry person can experience empathy （同感） towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry respon. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
