结构件常⽤检验⼯具使⽤⽅法及检验标准（中英⽂对照）
结构件常⽤检验量具使⽤⽅法及检验标准
Usage common inspection tools and Inspection standard of structural parts
秋风辞⼀、游标卡尺( Vernier caliper )老鸭煲
1.1 简介( Brief introduction )
游标卡尺是⼀种常⽤的量具，具有结构简单、使⽤⽅便、精度中等和测量的尺⼨范围⼤等特点，可以⽤它来测量零件的外径、内径、长度、宽度、厚度、深度和孔距等，应⽤范围⼴泛。
Vernier caliper is a common measuring tools, It is Simple structure\Easy to u\The accuracy Medium, It can measure the outer diameter\inside diameter\ Width \Thickness \Depth and Hole pitch of component,Wide range of applications.
1.2 游标卡尺的读数原理和读数⽅法 (Reading principle and Reading Method of Vernier caliper )
游标卡尺的读数机构，是由主尺和游标(如图2―2中的6和8)两部分组成。当活动量⽖与固定量⽖贴合时，游标上的“0”刻线(简称游标零线)对准主尺上的“0”刻线，此时量⽖间的距离
为“0”，见图1―2。当尺框向右移动时，固定量⽖与活动量⽖之间的距离，就是零件的测量尺⼨，见图1―1。此时零件尺⼨的整数部分，可在游标零线左边的主尺刻线上读出来，⽽零件尺⼨的⼩数部分，可借助游标读数机构来读出。
Vernier caliper readings agency, It is compod of the main scale and vernier two parts .When the active jaw and fixed jaw of bonding, Cursors "0" engraved line aligned with the main scale "0" engraved line， At this point the distance between the jaws is "0", See Figure 1-2。When the foot frame is moved to the right，The distance between the fixed jaw and active jaw，It is a measure of the size of the part，See Figure 1-1。the integer part of the part size，It is can be read out at the cursor zero line to the left of main scale reticle，the fractional part of the part size，It is can be read out at the cursor readout mechanism.
图1-1 游标卡尺的结构型式之⼀
Figure 1-1 One structure type of the vernier caliper
1-尺⾝；2-上量⽖；3-尺框；4-紧固螺钉；5-深度尺；6-游标；7-下量⽖。
1-Foot body; 2-Upper jaw; 3-Foot frame; 4-Fastening the screws;
5-Depth Gauge; 6-Vernier; 7-Lower jaw
图1-2 游标卡尺的结构型式之⼆
Figure 1-2 Two structure type of the vernier caliper
1⼀尺⾝；2⼀上量⽖、3⼀尺框；4⼀紧固螺钉；5⼀微动装置；6⼀主尺；7⼀微动螺母；8⼀游标；9—下量⽖
1-Foot body; 2-Upper jaw; 3-Foot frame; 4-Fastening the screws;
5-Fine tuning device; 6-Main scale; 7-Fine tuning nut; 8- Vernier; 9- Lower jaw 1.3 游标卡尺的使⽤⽅法( U vernier caliper )
使⽤游标卡尺测量零件尺⼨时，必须注意下列⼏点：
When using calipers to measure part dimensions,you must pay attention to the following points：
1)测量前应把卡尺擦⼲净，检查卡尺的两个测量⾯和测量刃⼝是否平直⽆损，把两个量⽖
紧密贴合时，应⽆明显的间隙，同时游标和主尺的零位刻线要相互对准。这个过程称为校对游标卡尺的零位。
Should be wiped clean calipers before measuring，Check the two measuring surface and measurin
g edge is non-destructive of Calipers. The two jaws tightly timely, there should be no obvious gap, Meanwhile vernier and main scale of zero engraved lines to be aligned with each other. This process is called proofreading vernier caliper zero position.
2)移动尺框时，活动要⾃如，不应有过松或过紧，更不能有晃动现象。⽤固定螺钉固定尺
框时，卡尺的读数不应有所改变。在移动尺框时，不要忘记松开固定螺钉，亦不宜过松以免掉了。
When moving foot frame,activities to ea,there should not be too loo or too tight,it is can not have shaking phenomenon。When fixed foot frame with screws，Caliper readings should not be changed。When moving foot frame，Do not forget to loon the screw，also should not be too loo to avoid lost。
3)当测量零件的外尺⼨时，卡尺两测量⾯的联线应垂直于被测量表⾯，不能歪斜。测量时，
可以轻轻摇动卡尺，放正垂直位置，图3所⽰正确位置。否则，量⽖若在如图3所⽰的错误位置上，将使测量结果a⽐实际尺⼨b要⼤。
When measuring the external dimensions of the parts, caliper’s two-line measuring surface should be perpendicular to the surface to be measured,Its can not skew. When measuring,you can gently s
hake the caliper,Put a positive vertical position,The correct position as shown in Figure 3.Otherwi,If the jaw in the wrong position in Figure 3.Make measurements A larger than actual size B.
怎样给文件夹加密
meagre图3
Figure 3
4)当测量零件的内尺⼨时：图4所⽰。要使量⽖分开的距离⼩于所测内尺⼨，进⼊零件内
孔后，再慢慢张开并轻轻接触零件内表⾯，⽤固定螺钉固定尺框后，轻轻取出卡尺来读数。取出量⽖时，⽤⼒要均匀，并使卡尺沿着孔的中⼼线⽅向滑出，不可歪斜。
武术的好处
When measuring the inside size of the part, To make jaws apart a distance less than the inside size of measured,after entering the hole parts, then slowly open jaws to gently touch the part inside surface,You must u fixing screws to fix foot frame, then gently taken out caliper to reading. When r
emoving the jaw, force should be uniform, Make caliper slide out along the centerline hole, can not skew.
图4 内孔的测量⽅法
Figure 4 Measuring method of inner hole
5)⽤游标卡尺测量零件时，不允许过分地施加压⼒，所⽤压⼒应使两个量⽖刚好接触零件
表⾯。在游标卡尺上读数时，应把卡尺⽔平的拿着，使⼈的视线尽可能和卡尺的刻线表⾯垂直，以免由于视线的歪斜造成读数误差。
When measuring the parts with a vernier caliper, Is not allowed exert undue pressure, The pressure should make the two jaws just touch part surface. When the reading on the vernier caliper, Calipers
should be placed levels, People's line of sight as much as possible perpendicular to the surface of the caliper, Prevent the sight skew caud reading error.
6)为了获得正确的测量结果，可以多测量⼏次。
In order to obtain correct measurement results, You can measure veral times.
⼆、⼑⼝尺(knife-edge ruler )
2.1 简介(Brief introduction )
⼑⼝尺主要⽤光隙法检验精密平⾯的直线度和平⾯度。它具有结构简单，重量轻，操作⽅便。
Knife-edge ruler is mainly ud for inspection straightness and flatness of precision surface. Its simple structure、light weight、easy to operate。
2.2 ⼑⼝尺的使⽤⽅法（Using the method of knife-edge ruler ）
1、将⼑⼝尺垂直紧靠在⼯件表⾯，并在纵向、横向和对⾓线⽅向逐次检查（图1）；
为什么医生不推荐洗牙
The knife-edge ruler vertical and against the workpiece surface,And to the longitudinal, transver a
nd diagonal directions of successive inspection.(Figure 1)
图1 ⽤⼑⼝尺检验平⾯度
Figure 1 U the knife-edge ruler to inspection the flatness
2、检验时，如果⼑⼝尺与⼯件平⾯透光微弱⽽均匀，则该⼯件平⾯度合格；如果进光强弱不⼀，则说明该⼯件平⾯凹凸不平。可以在⼑⼝尺与⼯件表⾯之间插⼊塞尺，根据塞尺的厚度即可确定平⾯度的误差（图2）。
If the transmittance weak and uniform between the knife-edge ruler and the workpiece surface , The workpiece flatness qualified. If the transmittance nonuniform, It shows that the workpiece surface is uneven. You can inrt a feeler gauge between the knife-edge ruler and the workpiece surface, The flatness error can be determined according to the thickness of the feeler gauge. （Figure 2）
图2 ⽤塞尺测量平⾯度误差值
Figure 2 With a feeler gauge to measure flatness error
2.3 ⼑⼝尺的使⽤注意事项( Handling Precautions of knife-edge ruler )
使⽤⼑⼝尺时，⼿应握持绝热板，避免温度影响和产⽣锈蚀。使⽤后，不得与其它⼯具堆放在⼀起，应单独存放或装⼊专⽤盒内保存。
When using the knife-edge ruler, Hand should hold the insulation panel, To avoid temperature effect and from corrosion. It should not stacked together with other tools after u, it should be stored parately or load a dedicated box.
三、塞尺(Feeler gauge )
3. 1 简介(Brief introduction )
塞尺⼜称测微⽚或厚薄规，是⽤于检验间隙的测量器具之⼀.
Feeler gauge also called a thickness gauge,It is one of the measuring instruments ud to test the gap.
3.2 塞尺的使⽤⽅法(Using the method of Feeler gauge )
1)使⽤前必须先清除塞尺和⼯件上的污垢与灰尘。
You must remove the dirt and dust of feeler gauge and the workpiece before u.
2)测量时，应先⽤较薄的⼀⽚塞尺插⼊被测间隙内，若仍有空隙，则挑选较厚的依次插⼊，
直⾄恰好塞进⽽不松不紧，该⽚塞尺的厚度即为被测间隙⼤⼩。若没有所需厚度的塞尺，可取若⼲⽚塞尺相迭代⽤，所有塞尺的厚度就是被测间隙⼤⼩，但误差较⼤。使⽤中根据结合⾯的间隙情况选⽤塞尺⽚数，但⽚数愈少愈好。
When measuring, You should u a thin feeler gauge to inrt the measurement gap, If there are still gaps, Then followed by the lection of a thicker to
inrt, Until just stuffed into and not too tight or loo, This piece Feeler gauge thickness is measured gap size. If there is no desired thickness Feeler gauge, You can take a number of pieces feeler gauge to superposition of u.
All feeler gauge thickness is measured gap size, But it's a large measurement error. You need to choo the number of feeler gauge according to gap size. and feeler number of pieces as small as possible.
3.3 塞尺的使⽤注意事项(Handling Precautions of Feeler gauge )
1)由于塞尺很薄，容易折断，测量时不能⽤⼒太⼤，以免塞尺遭受弯曲和折断；使⽤后应
在表⾯涂以防锈油，并收回到保护板内。
Becau of the feeler is very thin, It's easy to be broken, When measuring the force is not too large, In order to avoid the feeler bend and break. It Should be in the surface coated with anti-rust oil after u, And back to the protection plate.
2)塞尺的测量⾯不应有锈迹、划痕、折痕等明显的外观缺陷。
Feeler gauge measuring surface should not have the appearance of the obvious defects such as rust, scratches, crea.
3)不能测量温度较⾼的⼯件。
It can not measure the high temperature of the workpiece.
四、螺纹量规(Thread gauge )
4.1简介(Brief introduction )
螺纹量规包括螺纹环规和螺纹塞规，螺纹环规⽤于测量外螺纹，螺纹塞规⽤于测量内螺纹。
Thread gauges including ring gauges and plug gauges, Thread ring gauge is ud to measure the external thread, Thread plug gauge is ud to measure the internal thread.
4.2 螺纹量规使⽤⽅法(Using the method of thread gauge )
使⽤螺纹量规检验螺纹孔时,⾸先使⽤螺纹量规的通规（T）检验螺纹孔的最⼩孔径，如果能顺利旋进被测螺纹孔，则螺纹孔合格，反之则不合格，如图所⽰.
罢兵
When uing thread gauge inspection the threaded holes, U the thread go gauge inspection the smallest pore size of the threaded hole, If you can successfully screwed into the threaded hole, The threaded holes is qualified，The opposite is unqualified。
然后使⽤螺纹量规的⽌规（Z）检验螺纹孔的最⼤孔径，如果能顺利旋进被测螺纹孔2.5圈或以上，则为不合格，反之合格。且此时不合格的螺纹孔应报废。其中2.5圈为国家标准，国际标准是1.5圈。
月经腰痛Then u the thread no go gauge inspection the largest pore size of the threaded hole，If you can successfully screwed into the threaded hole 2.5 laps or more，It is unqualified,
Contrary it is qualified. And the unqualified thread hole should be scrapped, Where chine standard is 2.5 turns, International standards is 1.5 turns.
总之通规过，⽌规不过为合格；通规⽌规都不过或通规⽌规都过则为不合格。
4.3使⽤时注意事项：
螺纹⽌规进⼊螺纹内不能超过2.5圈，⼀般的要求是实际不得超过2圈，并且⽤得⼒度不能⼤，我们的经验是⽤拇指和⾷指轻轻夹持螺纹规以刚好能转动螺纹规的⼒度为准，⼒⼤了就相当于在使⽤丝锥或⽛板了，那样规就⽤不了⼏次了。
五、焊接检验尺( welding inspection ruler )
5.1 简介(Brief introduction )
焊接检验尺（焊缝规）是利⽤线纹和游标测量等原理，检验焊接件的焊缝宽度、⾼度、焊接间隙、坡⼝⾓度、咬边深度等的计量器具。
Welding inspection rule is to u lines and cursor measurement principle, Ud to check weldments welds width, height, welding gap, groove angle, undercut depth measuring instruments.
5.2 焊接检验尺使⽤⽅法(Using the method of welding inspection ruler )
主尺正⾯边缘⽤于对接校直和测量长度尺⼨（图⼀），⾼度标尺⼀端⽤于测量母材的错位及焊缝⾼度（图⼆、三、四）。另⼀端⽤于测量⾓焊缝厚度（图五），测⾓尺15°锐⾓⾯上的刻度⽤于测量间隙（图六），测⾓尺与主尺配合可分别测量焊缝宽度及坡⼝⾓度（图七、⼋、九、⼗），活动尺游标尺两端可作60°、75°、90°和30°⾓度样板使⽤（图⼗⼀），游标尺测量焊缝咬⾁深度（图⼗⼆）。
机械加⼯产品未注公差标准焊接产品未注公差标准
