定语从句attributive clau
知识概述
一定语
二定语从句
三先行词
四关系词（关系代词、关系副词）
知识难点
1 Which/that 区别
2 who, whom的区别
3 That 与who 的区别
一定语
在我们学习语文的时候，老师就有教我们“名前定，动前状”，顾名思义名词前面的修饰成分为定语。所有“的”前面的成分都是定语。
【盗梦空间】真是一部很棒的电影。
Inception is really an amazing film.
二定语从句
可是要说“它是一部由诺兰持导的科幻片。”简单的形容词就无能为力了。那么我们就要借助比词汇更加高级的句子来对其进行修饰，
翻译成“It is a science fiction film which is directed by Nolan。”
这个主谓结构完整的句子来充当定语，修饰名词，而且发现它老是跟着修饰的名词，像个随从一样，所以我们叫它“从句”。他在功能上就是一个形容词，所以也可以叫做形容词从句。
三两大要点：先行词，关系词。
先行词。总是放在定语从句前，所以叫做先行词。Film
销售分析
关系词。重复指代先行词，起连接主句和从句的作用，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。
关系代词which\ that\ who/ whom\who (最常见)
关系副词when\where\why
关系代词
毕设论文
A 作主语。（relative pronoun as subject）注意主谓一致。
I like guys who（that）should have a n of humor.
我喜欢有幽默感的男人。
篮球是项许多男孩子深爱的体育运动。
Basketball is a game which/ that is liked by many boys.( fascinates)
Pumas are large catlike animals ----are found in America. （which/ that）
猫是猫科动物。总是受到人们的喜欢。（猫扑）
Cat ___is a feline animal never fail to fascinate human animals.(which/that)
Which/that 区别
只能用which 的5种情况
1在非限定性定语从句中
2先行词是一个短语或者句子的时候
He likes climbing mountains, which is a good exerci.
He likes climbing mountains, which surpris me.
3 先行词是指that, tho时，为了避免that…that 或tho…that的重复
What’s that which he refud to accept?
That which was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember. 曾经坚信回味甜。
4 关系代词which还可以用作定语（用在介词后）
The judge lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.
5 关系代词后面有插入语时，或者说关系代词和它的谓语动词之间被一个短语或从句隔开Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help you improve your English. Property was the first thing which, on the death of the father, interested the sons.
只能用that的7种情况
1 先行词同时出现人和物
The writer and his novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us
2 先行词为指物的all, little, few, much, none, the first用that.
腹带All that glitters is not gold.
节日祝福短信
3 先行词是不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing的时候，一般用that.
（10全国Ⅱ）
16. I refu to accept the blame for something ________was someone el’s fault.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. what
4 any, only, all, every…序数词，形容词的最高级，the only the right, the last…等成分修饰时，也用that.
Tell me all things that you know.(NIKITA)
5 定语从句的谓语动词是be时
Beijing is not the city that it was.\
6 主句以特殊疑问词开头，
Who is the man that is standing there?
7 there be 开头的句型
同步练习
I mean the one that was brought yesterday.
This is the room in which Chairman Mao lived,
We were deeply impresd by the teachers and schools that we had visited.
袁志勇B 作宾语( relative pronoun as object )
1动词的宾语
I’d really like to find a friend and I can trust him completely.
I’d really like to find a friend who/whom I can trust completely.
2介词的宾语
I’m talking about friends and you can share almost everything with them.
I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
一旦判定是作从句宾语时，我们便可省略关系代词。
（2007全国）我希望找到一个笔友I hope to find a pen pal.
我的笔友能和我练习英文My pen pal can practice English with me.
合成：I hope to find a pen pal who can practice English with me.
who, whom的区别
1 whom在定语从句当中不能做主语，但可作宾语或表语，而who 主、宾、表都可以作。
The girl---we suppo was drowned came back.
The girl---we suppo drown came back.
A whom
B who
C as
D which
2因为who是主格形式，whom是宾格形式，所以在介词后面不能用who, 只能用whom。比如：
I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.详反义词
I’m talking about friends with whom you can share almost everything.
Whom 在作动词或介词的宾语时，特别是在口语中，一般省去或用who,that代替。而在以介词结尾的定语从句中最好不用whom
I think you should stay faithful to the person who/that you’re married to.
I think you should stay faithful to the person to. whom/ you’re married.
3 在非非限制性定语从句中，只能用Whom.
His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.
（10湖南）
28. I've become good friends with veral of the students in my school I met in the
English speech contest last year.
A. who
B. where
C. whom
D. which
抓住先行词，选择关系词
只有先找到先行词才能明白定语从句所修饰的真正成分
There is a very interesting remark in a book by a man who is a great American writer.
There is a very interesting remark in a book by an American writer that I read recently
I don’t suppo anything happens that he doesn’t foree.
He needs a long spoon ---- sups with the devil. 同坏人打交道需要提防着。
The world is a book, and tho read only a page---do not travel.
A which
B who
C that
D whom
That 与who 的区别
只用who
1)先行词指特定人
The aunt who came to e us last week is my father’s sisiter.
熊依依2)在非限制性定语从句
3)That\ tho 为先行词
Only tho who have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do different things easily.
4)先行词为人称代词（he, they）
狗晚上能看见吗He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty, nor wi at fifty, will never be handsome, strong, rich , or wi.
He who knows others is learned, and he who knows himlf is wi. 知人者明，知己者智。
5)先行词为somebody, anybody…
6)关系代词后，带有插入语
C 作定语
表示人或物的所属关系，用who
（10山东）
24. That’s the new machine ______ par ts are too small to be en.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. What
（北京）
27. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what
B. who
C. which
D. that
练习
1 I’ll never forget the day---we met each other last week.
2 I will never forget the days I spend with your family
3 I’ll never forget the last days---we spent together.
4 there was a time ---there were slaves in the USA.
5 it’s the third time ___we made the same mistake.
6 who is the student that was late for school today?
7 what el was there in my brother___you didn’t like?
8 he lives in the home___ windows faces to the south.
9 he lives in the home, the window___ faces to the south.
