延续性动词和终⽌性动词的区别及⽤法
延续性动词和终⽌性动词的区别及⽤法
论文封面格式⼀、延续性动词和终⽌性动词的概念
英语中，动词按其动作发⽣的⽅式、动作发⽣过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终⽌性动词。延续性动词表⽰能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产⽣持久影响。如：
learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终⽌性动词也称⾮延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表⽰不能延续的动作，这种动作发⽣后⽴即结束。如
open, clo, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, l eave, move, borrow,buy等。
⼆、延续性动词的⽤法特征
1.延续性动词可以⽤于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表⽰"段时间"的状语连⽤。表⽰"段时间"的短语有：
for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.⾃从我来到这⼉就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表⽰短暂时间的"点时间"状语连⽤。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，⽽at eight表⽰"点时间"，前后显然⽭盾。如果⽤延续性动词表⽰⼀瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终⽌性动词来表⽰。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)⼜如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终⽌性动词的⽤法特征
1.终⽌性动词可⽤来表⽰某⼀动作完成，因此可⽤于现在完成时。如：
The train has arrived.⽕车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加⼊电脑⼩组了吗？
2.终⽌性动词表⽰的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表⽰⼀段时间的状语连⽤(只限肯定式)。如：
(1)他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has pasd since he died.
(2)他来这⼉五天了。
误：He has come here for five days.
凤凰的羽毛
正：He has been here for five days.
正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here.
法：
(1)将句中终⽌性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上⾯两例中的第⼀种正确表达⽅式。下⾯列举⼏例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start →be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join →be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表⽰"段时间"的状语改为表⽰过去确定时间的状语，如下⾯两例中的第⼆种正确表达⽅式。
(3)⽤句型"It is+段时间+"表达原意，如上⾯两例中的第三种正确表达⽅式。
(4)⽤句型"时间+has "表达原意，如上⾯两例中的第四种正确表达⽅式。
烤五花肉的腌制方法3.终⽌性动词可⽤于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因⽽可与表⽰⼀段时间的状语连⽤。如：
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终⽌性动词的否定式与until/till连⽤，构成"not+终⽌性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这⾥。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture toni ght.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。
5.终⽌性动词可以⽤于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以⽤于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表⽰的时间是"点时间" (从句谓语动词⽤终⽌性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词⽤延续性动词)。⽽while表⽰的是⼀个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词⽤延续性动词。如：
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终⽌性动词)
Plea look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away 为延续性动词短语)
6.终⽌性动词完成时不可与how long连⽤(只限于肯定式)。如：
误：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?
延续性动词与⾮延续性动词及其转换
动词按其动作发⽣的⽅式、发⽣过程的长短可分为延续性动词与⾮延续性动词。
⼀.延续性动词表⽰能够延续的动作，如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表⽰时间段的状语连⽤。表⽰时间段的短语有:for+⼀段时间,for 2 years; since 从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?
⼆.⾮延续性动词也称终⽌性动词，表⽰不能延续的动作，这种动作发⽣后⽴即结束。如:open, die, clo, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。
⾮延续性动词在肯定句中与表⽰时间点的状语连⽤，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
否定的终⽌性动词可以与表⽰时间段的时间状语连⽤。例:I haven't left here for
3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与⾮延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out，put
has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.补充练习：
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left
B. had left
C. has been away
D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined
B. have joined改善睡眠的食物
C. have been in
3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Ro _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made
B. have been
C. made
D. have become
5.You mustn't ________ until he comes back.
A. be away
B. leave
C. be left
6.The meeting _______ for a week now.
壁咚什么意思A. has finished
B. has ended
C. has been over
7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in
B. has come to
C. has taught
8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been
B. has become
C. was
9. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned
B. have been back
C. returned
10. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died状元
B. has, died
C. has, been dead
11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.
二年级反义词A. slept
B. was sleeping
C. has sleep
D. had slept
12.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought
B. has bought
C. has had
13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.
A. did fall
B. have, fell
C. have, been
14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left
B. has moved away
C. has been away from
15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow
B. keep
C. take
16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped
B. stopped
C. has been
17.Are you _____ the jacket the days?
B. putting on
C. dressing
D. on
18.He ________ foe 2 hours.
A. got up
孙幼军B. has got up
C. has been up
19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for veral days.
A. is
B. catches
C. has caught
D. has had
20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.
A. borrow
B. lend
C. get
D. keep
Key:
1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C B; 16---20 C A C D D 初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的⽤法
英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait等。短暂性动词是⾮延续性动词，即动作⼀开始便结束的动词，⼜可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等。
⼀．短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的⽤法：
现在完成时中⽤法（⼀）：
表⽰发⽣在过去，迄今已经完成，并对现在产⽣影响或产⽣结果的动作，常⽤ever, yet, already, just等状语，谓语动词既可是延续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.(borrow是短暂性动词)
I have learned a little about Japane. (learn 是延续性动词)
现在完成时中⽤法（⼆）：
表⽰始于过去某时并⼀直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表⽰始于过去某⼀时刻并⼀直延续到现在的时间状语连⽤。
如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. (live 是延续性动词） Mr. Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延续性动词)
I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延续性动词)
所以，在现在完成时中⽤法（⼆）中，在表⽰持续⼀段时间的句⼦中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。
1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F)
