Section Ⅲ Grammar——虚拟语气(一)
课前语法感知
Ⅰ.教材语法感知
教材原句
①Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist?
牛郎织女故事简介②If you were an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint?
③If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures.
④Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to e the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
⑤There are scores of modern art styles, but without the Impressionists, many of the painting styles might not exist.
探究发现
(1)例句①是wish后的宾语从句中表示与现在事实相反的假设，谓语动词用一般过去时。
(2)例句②③中含有if引导的非真实条件句。
②中表示与现在事实相反，从句中用日本恶漫画一般过去时。
③中表示与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时。
(3)例句④⑤是without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句，都表示与现在事实相反的假设，用一般过去时。
Ⅱ.真题语法感知
1．(2018·北京高考)They might have found a better hotel if they ________ (drive) a few more kilometers.
答案：had driven数据分析咨询公司
2．(2017·天津高考)—Do you have Betty's phone number?
panda的音标—Yes. Otherwi, I ________ (be) able to reach her yesterday.
答案：wouldn't have been
3．(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system __________ (put) to u, the accident would never have happened.
答案：had been put
4．(2015·天津高考)I wish I ________ (be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
答案：had been
5．(2015·陕西高考)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I
________ (dance) as well as her.
答案：danced
6．关于和谐的名言(2015·四川高考)What do you think I should do? If you ________ (be) me, would you talk to them?
答案：were
课堂合作探究
虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。下面我们讲解虚拟语气在条件状语从句中与名词性从句中的运用。
一、虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法
名师点津
(1)在虚拟语气中，be动词的过去式，通常各种人称都用were；但在口语中，如果主语是单数第三人称，有时也可用was。
(2)几种特殊情况：
①用介词without, but for短语作条件，代替if条件句。
But for the wi leadership of our Party, we wouldn't live such a happy life.
要不是我们党的英明领导，我们就不会过上这么幸福的生活。
②隐含条件句：用but或otherwi连接前后句，隐藏虚拟条件。
The rescue arrived in time, otherwi they would have been frozen to death.
援救人员及时赶到，否则他们早就冻死了。
③错综时间条件句：虚拟条件和结果不在一个时间段内。
If I had followed the doctor's advice I wouldn't suffer so much now.
要是我当时接受了医生的建议，我现在或许不会受如此大的苦了。
④倒装句：虚拟条件句中，如有助动词were, had或should，可略掉if，并将助动词提到主语之前，形成倒装。
Should I be free tomorrow, I would come to help you.
如果明天我有空，我会来帮助你。
⑤If only句型，意为“要是……重庆景点排行榜就好了”，通常是对过去情况的假设。
If only I hadn't told Jackie the truth, everything could have been all right.
要是我没有告诉杰基实情，所有事情都会进展很顺利的。
⑥as if/though引导的方式状语从句和表语从句，多用虚拟语气。
He talked as if he had been to many places in the world.
他谈起话来好像他去过世界上的许多地方似的。
It looks as if it might rain.
看上去好像要下雨。
【即景活用1】
(1)单句语法填空
①If it ________ for Dad, I ________ where I am today.(not be)
②If it ________ (snow) tomorrow, we ________ (not go) out.
③Without air, there ________ (be) no living things.
④If you ________ (work) more carefully, you ________ (not make) so many mistakes.
⑤________ I ________ (be) in your position, I ________ (not consider) giving up arching.
⑥________ (drive) more carefully, otherwi, we ________ (break) the traffic rules.
答案：①weren't; wouldn't be ②should snow/were to snow/snowed; wouldn't go ③would be ④had worked; wouldn't have made ⑤Should; be; wouldn't consider ⑥低血压的症状Drive; would break
(2)单句写作
①令我们惊奇的是，她说话的语气好像她对我的过去了如指掌。
To my surpri, ______________________ everything about my past.
②如果他遵照医生的忠告，现在病就好了。
____________________ the doctor's advice, he ________________ already now.
24字核心价值观③若不是格林老师的妙招，我们不可能这么出色地完成任务。
But for Mr Green's wi advice, we ____________________ so perfectly.
④我本想在那张纸上画下她的肖像，但手头没有纸。
I ____________________ on the paper, but there was no paper at hand.
答案：①she talked as if she had known ②If he had followed; would recover ③wouldn't have completed our task ④would have drawn a portrait of her
二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
名师点津
(1)在英语中，表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句中，一般用虚拟语气，其谓语动词结构为：(should＋)动词原形。
口诀记忆虚拟动词
对于这类动词，我们可以使用下面的口诀记忆：
一坚持(insist)
二命令(order, command)
三建议(suggest, propo, advi)
四要求(require, request, demand, desire)
(2)insist意为“坚决要求”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持说，坚持某种观点、某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。
【即景活用2】
(1)单句语法填空
①Kate insisted that Tom ________ (have) another try.
②The look on his face suggested that he ________ (be) unhappy.
③I would rather you ________ (pay) me now.
④How I wish I ________ (know) the exact date of the event.
答案：①(should) have ②was ③paid ④knew
(2)单句写作
①他若无其事地又继续看他的书。
He continued with his reading as if ________________.
②国王下令庆典于次日举行。
The king ordered that the celebration ______________________.
