信用证解读35例
一、某出口公司不久前收到一位客户开来的信用证,信用证里有下列条款:
THIS L/C WILL ONLY BE AVAILABLE AFTER RECEIPT FROM OUR PRINCIPAL OF
INSTRUCTION.
THIS L/C IS NOT OPERATIVE UNTIL WE ARE ADVISED.
THIS L/C IS INSPIRED PENDING RECEIPT OF AMENDMENT.
以上这些是不是属于软条款呢?
答:是的,这种信用证未能生效,主动权掌握在开证人手里。严格说来,信用证里有软
赞美友情的诗句条款,受益人的利益就得不到保证。
上述信用证里的第一句话是说,本信用证只有在收到我行委托人的指示后才可生效。
第二句话是说,我行接到通知后本信用证才能生效。
第三句话是说,本信用证只有在收到修改后才能生效。
因此,出口商一定要开证人修改取消上述类似的条款方可出运。否则,这种信用证只是一种商业信用,等于托收。
二、某信用证里有这样一句话:“THIS CREDIT WILL BECOME OPERATIVE ONLY AFTER THE APPLICANT’S RECEIPT OF THE REQUESTED IMPORT LICENCE RELEASED BY OUR MINISTERIAL AUTHORITIES ”,是不是也属于软条款呢?
答:是的,这个信用证也不能生效。上述的汉语意思是:“只有等到开证人领到他们部级机构颁发的进口许可证,该信用证方可生效。”这对受益人非常不利。因为许可证何时能办好,通知行无从了解,万一出口人发了货,进口许可证仍未办好,出口商岂不是收汇无望?因此,类似这样的信用证条款,出口商一定在出货前要求开证人修改删除,否则,肯定有后患。
三、“THIS CREDIT ONLY AVAILABLE AFTER RECEIPT BY YOU OR OUR ADVICE THAT OUR PRINCIPAL HAVE RECEIVED AND ACCEPTED THE REQUIRE FINAL L/C
AMOUNTING TO 10% OF VALUE OF CREDIT AMOUNT ISSUED BY A FIRST CLASS BANK OF YOUR END COUNTERSIGNED BY US OR BY OUR AUTHORIZED BANK”,这一段文字出现在信用证里是不是也属于软条款?
答:是的。这段文字的内容汉译是:“本信用证只有在贵行收到我行发出通知后才能生效,通知内容是我客户已收到并接受一流银行开来的相当于本信用证金额10%的最终保函,该保函必须由我行和我行所授权的另一家银行会签。”
这是进口商为了使自己的利益不受损害,要求开证行加列的反担保条款。出口地银行为出口商履约提供对应于信用证的反担保函,以换取开证行的付款承诺,一旦出口公司有违约行为,担保银行将按反担保函中相关条款,对进口商作出赔偿。这种反担保形式和其他担保一样,是一种法律行为。如果进出口商没有达成协议,进口商将上述软条款硬加入信用证,出口商有权要求进口商在发货以前改证,将上述条款取消。
四、开证申请人在信用证里规定,只有在开证申请人收到受益人寄出的样品,得到开证申请人确认可以发货并提供开证人可以发货的确认函以后,该信用证方才有效。英文是这样的:“L/C WILL BECOME OPERATIONAL UPON BUYER’S APPROVAL CERTIFICATE O
F SHIPMENT WITH OTHER SHIPPING DOCUMENTS OF 8 PRODUCTION SAMPLES”,这样的条款是否也算软条款?
答:是的,上述的英文意思是:“只有当买方对每个货号的我生活在幸福之中8件样品确认以后,并给受益人开列出发货确认函后,该信用证方可生效。”这种条款对出口人制约很大。一定要求进口商改证以后方可发货。
五、有一份信用证从沙特开来,出口货物将运到沙特的达曼口岸,除了提单以外,信用证里要求一份随提单船证明,看起来比较复杂,如何让船公司出具这种单据呢?信用证里是这样要求的:
APPENDED DECALRATION TO 1. BILL OF LADING 2. AIRWAY BILL 3.TRUCK CONSIGNMENT NOTE ISSUED AND SIGNED BY THE OWNER, AGENT, CAPTAIN OR COMPANY OF THE VESSEL/PLANE/TRUCK, AND 1.NAME OF THE VESSEL, PREVIOUS NAME, NAME OF PLANE FLIGHT NO. NAME OF TRUCK COMPANY/ TRUCK NO. 2. NATIONALITY OF VESSEL/PLANE/TRUCK. 3. OWNER OF VESSEL (IN CASE OF SEA) NAME OF PLANE/COMPANY (IN CASE OF AIR) OWNER OF TRUC
K (IN CASE OF LAND). 4. THE VESSEL/PLANE/TRUCK/ WILL CALL AT OR PASS THROUGH THE FOLLOWING PORTS/AIRPORTS/BOARDERS ENROUTE TO SAUDI ARABIA.
1_________ 2___________ 3___________ 4
(PLEASE LIST PORTS/AIRPORTS/BOARDERS) THE UNDERSIGNED (OWNER, AGENT, CAPTAIN OR COMPANY OF THE VESSEL/PLANE/TRUCK) ACCORDINGLY DECLARES THAT THE INFORMATION PROVIDED (IN RESPONSES 1 TO 4) ABOVE IS CORRECT AND COMPLETE AND THAT THE VESSEL/PLANE/TRUCK SHALL NOT CALL AT OR ANCHOR ON ANY OTHER PORTS/AIRPORTS/BORDERS OTHER THAN THOSE MENTIONED ABOVE ENROUTE TO荞麦米怎么吃 SAUDI ARABIA. WRITTEN ON THE DAY OF YEAR SWORN TO BEFORE ME, ON THE 小鸡吃米 DAY OF YEAR
AT SIGNATURE OF VESSEL’S /PLANE’S /TRUCK’S OWNER/AGENT, CAPTAIN OR COMPANY. THIS DECLARATION IS NOT REQUIRED IF THE VESSEL/ CARRIER BELONGS TO ONE OF THE NATIONAL CARRIERS OF THE KINGDOM OF
缺席审判
SAUDI ARABIA OR THE UNITED ARAB SHIPPING COMPANY, KUWAIT.
答:虽然文字上比较繁,但只需弄清楚总的意思就好办了。这一段主要是把三种运输工具一起说了:由船/飞机/汽车的拥有者/代理或大副出具的或签发的申明随附:1.提单;2.空运单;3.汽车货单。申明内容如下:1.船名,船的曾用名,飞机名,航班号,卡车公司的名称,卡车号;2.船/飞机/卡车的国籍;3.船东(在海运情况下),飞机/航空公司的拥有者(在空运情况下),卡车的拥有者(在陆运情况下);4.船/飞机/卡车将在去沙特路途中在下列港口/空港/口岸停靠。1
2 3 4 (请列明海港/空港/陆地边界)。下面签字人(船/飞机/汽车的拥有者/代理或大副)郑重申明上述信息(从1到4)是正确的、完整的。船/飞机/卡车将不会停泊或停靠在除上述以外的港口/空港青天霹雳/陆地边界上。
在某年某月某日写下的文字并当着我的面发誓
代表船/飞机/汽车的拥有者/代理或大副签字。
如果船或承运人属于沙特王国或阿拉伯船运公司,或科威特船运公司,这个申明
可以不需要。
下面是一个通过海运出口货物,船公司根据上述要求开出的申明实例:
APPENDED DECLARATION TO BILL OF LADING
DATE: JUNE 30,2004
B/L NO:XMNDAM406040
1. NAME OF THE VESSEL: LU SHENG V.4097
PREVIOUS NAME: NIL
2. NATIONALITY OF THE VESSEL: IRAN
3. OWNER OF VESSEL: IRLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN SHIPPING LINES
4. THE VESSEL WILL CALL AT OR PASS THROUGH THE FOLLOWING PORTS ENROUTE TO SAUDI ARABIA:
1. HONGKONG 2. DUBAI 3. DAMMAM
THE UNDERSIGNED (COMPANY OF THE VESSEL) ACCORDINGLY DECLARES THAT THE INFORMATION PROVIDED (IN RESPONSES 1 TO 3) ABOVE IS CORRECT AND COMPLETE AND THAT THE VESSEL SHALL NOT CALL AT OR ANCHOR ON ANY OTHER PORTS OTHER THAN THOSE MENTIONED ABOVE ENROUTE TO SAUDI ARABIA.
SWORN BEFORE TO ME
WRITTEN ON THE 30TH DAY OF JUN YEAR 2004
ON THE 30TH DAY OF JUN YEAR 2004 AT XIAMEN
L/C NUMBER: YERH4350098
(SIGNATURE OF THE COMPANY)
苏州园林原文
六、一位中东客户开来的一份信用证有这样的条款:“DRAFT AND DOCUMENTS UNDER THIS CREDIT MUST BE MAILED TO APPLICANT SUBJECT TO ISSUING BANK’S TESTED NEGOTIANTION NOTICE”,这是什么意思,对信用证的受益人有不利的地方吗?
答:这句话在信用证里是软条款,对受益人是不利的。原因有两点:(1)信用证规定单据寄给客户,这是不符合UCP500条款的。因为开证行是第一付款人,单据应该由议付行寄给开证行,这样付款才有保证。 大学生社会实践报告3000字(2)议付的条件是开证行给议付行发来带密押的议付通知。这更是不公平,因为信用证是不可撤消的,不能加任何条件。如果出口商收到带这种软条款的信用证,一定要求买方改证取消,不然将来货物运出,收汇就没有保证。