昼夜节律(OGHFA BN)
在航空中人为因素相关的操作者指南 | | |
| 行为和限制 |
昼夜节律 | 搞笑粤语 | | |
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简介资料
1 背景
This Briefing Note (BN) describes the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms and the effects of circadian rhythms on pilot performance.
该简报（BN）描述了基本昼夜节律机制与昼夜节律对飞行员行为的影响。
The information should help flight crews develop strategies to cope with the effects of flight
operations on circadian rhythms.
这些资料能够帮助机组人员制定应付昼夜节律的飞行运行影响的策略。
This BN describes:
常熟叫花鸡这篇简报描述了：
昼夜节律与行为的关系的数据；
控制生物昼夜节律变化和行为功能的生物钟；
昼夜节律在夜间飞行和跨时区飞行（跨越时区）的实际应用；
∙Data on the relationship between circadian rhythms and performance
∙The biological clock that controls the circadian variations in biological and behavioral functions
∙The practical implication of circadian rhythms for night operations and transmeridian (acr
oss time zones) flights.
2 Introduction
2 介绍
Flight operations that involve irregular work hours, night flights, early starts or transmeridian flights force pilots to deviate from their normal work/sleep schedule and disrupt their biological rhythms.
包括无规律的工作时间、夜间飞行、早开始的或者跨时区飞行等的飞行操作迫使飞行员改变他们的工作休息表，打乱他们的生物周期。
Many of our biological and behavioral functions experience variations throughout the day, including: sleep, body temperature, alertness levels and mental and physical performances.
在一天里，我们许多的生理和行为功能体验着变化，包括睡觉、提问、警觉水平和心理上和生理上的表现。
Many of the functions vary systematically in a cycle of about 24 hours and are called "circadian rhythms" (from the Latin words "circa" which means "about" and "dies" which means "a day").
这些功能在大约24小时的周期内系统的变化。这种变化叫做“昼夜节律”（来自拉丁语中表示大约的“circa”和表示一天的“dies”）
The circadian variations are governed by a biological clock located in the brain.
这昼夜节律的变化由大脑中的生物钟所支配。
Crewmembers who work abnormal schedules often experience “shift-lag syndrome,” which is characterized by such symptoms as feelings of fatigue, sleepiness, insomnia, disorientation, digestive trouble, irritability, reduced mental agility and reduced performance efficiency.
工作时间不正常的机组成员经常经受转变滞后综合征折磨。转变滞后综合征有以下特征：感觉疲劳，昏昏欲睡，失眠，定向障碍，消化不良，烦躁不安，思维迟钝，工作效率下降。
书法名人Similar symptoms labeled “jet-lag syndrome” are often experienced by crew members after transmeridian flights.
在跨时区飞行的机组人员中也经常犯一类类似的症状——时差综合症。
The mechanism underlying circadian rhythms is called the “biological clock” or the “circadian clock.”
昼夜节律的基本机制叫做生物钟或者昼夜节律钟。
Rearch has shown that the biological clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (a gland).
研究表明生物钟位于下丘脑（一个腺体）的视交叉上核上。
The biological clock is probably the result of human evolutionary adaptation to the solar day.
生物钟可能是人类为了适应太阳日而进化的结果
Laboratory studies have shown that, in the abnce of any time cues (i.e., no sunlight or social time cues), the biological clock for most humans operates on a cycle of about 25 hours.
实验室研究表明在缺少时间提示的情况下（例如没有阳光或社交时间线索）大多数人的生物钟大约是25小时循环。
Under ordinary circumstances, however, the biological clock is ret by about one hour each day such that the biological clock is synchronized with the 24-hour solar day.
然而在一般情况下，生物钟每天被减少了一个小时，从而生物钟与24小时的太阳日同步起来。
The cues that rve to ret the biological clock are called “zeitgebers,” a German word that means “time givers.”
提供给生物钟调整的提示叫做“给时者”——一个德国的单词表示“提供时间的人”。
Evidence supports morning sunlight as the most important zeitgeber.
证据表明早晨的阳光是最重要的给时者。
形容学习的诗句
Other cues in the social environment that rve as zeitgebers have not been identified with any amount of certainty.
在社会环境中的任何作为给时者的提示没有被确定的标识出来。
However, cues that may rve as zeitgebers include work/sleep schedule, eating schedule, social activities and, in the abnce of other cues, subtle environmental factors such as building vibration and traffic noi.
然而许多都可以作为给时者来提供线索，包括工作休息时间表、就餐时间表、社会活动，甚至在其他线索不存在的情况下，例如建筑震动交通噪音等微小的环境因素都会有影响。
Although the biological clock can routinely be ret by about one hour each day, it cannot easily and quickly be ret by the large time quantities that are needed following significant changes in work/sleep schedule or a transmeridian flight.
虽然生物钟通常能够每天大约调整一小时，但是如果在工作休息表发生了重大的变化或者经历了跨时区飞行，生物钟便不能够轻松快速的调整过来，调整过程将需要很长的时间。
The slow adaptation of the circadian clock contributes to problems in conducting night operations and transmeridian flights.
常在心头昼夜节律钟的缓慢适应情况多在进行了夜间工作或者跨子午线飞行之后发生。
3 Data
3．资料
Many laboratory studies have demonstrated circadian variations in biological functions such as body temperature, cell division and hormone cretion.
许多实验室研究已经证明昼夜变化对生物功能产生影响例如提问、细胞分裂和激素分泌等。景区运营方案
Also, both laboratory studies and field studies have demonstrated variations related to cir
cadian rhythms in behavioral functions such as alertness, reaction time, 独立的英文short-term memory, long-term memory, arch tasks, vigilance and sleep.
小学生守则
