完整版化合物英文命名规则

更新时间:2023-05-22 12:14:12 阅读: 评论:0

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 无机化合物的命名 (意大利千层面Prefix 词头,前缀 决定放弃一个人的句子Suffix 词尾,后缀 Stem 词根) 1.Trivial Names 俗名
H2O water 不说 dihydrogen oxide
NH3 ammonia 不说 nitrogen trihydride
CaO quicklime
CaCO3 limestone 2.Systematic Nomenclature 系统命名
1)Oxide 氧化物 —— 先命名非氧元素
ZnOzinc oxide
CaO calcium oxide
CO carbon oxide
Na2O2 sodium peroxide
H2O2hydrogen peroxide 注: peroxide 过氧化物
2)Hydroxide 氢氧化物( ba 碱)
Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
KOH potassium hydroxide
3)Acid
Hydro acid 氢酸 General formula 通式 :HnX 命名: hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid( ) hydrosulphuric( 氢硫酸 S:sulfur( sulphur( ) HBr 氢溴酸 hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸 盐酸 )hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸 hydrofluoric acidF: fluorine
Oxoacid or Oxyacid 含氧酸 General formula 通式:HnXOm 命名:Stem of X + -ic acid 注:oxo- (oxy-) 含氧 , 氧代
H2SO4 sulfuric acid( ) sulphuric acid(
H2CO3 carbonic acid
H3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen
If X has two oxidation states
-icthe higher oxidation state
-ousthe lower oxidation state大美中国作文
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
H2SO3 sulfurous acid 1/5
HNO3 nitric acid
HNO2 nitrous acid
If X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states halogen 卤素
per- (过,高 ) + -ic the still higher oxidation state hypo- (公司经营范围参考,,七年级英语下) + -ousthe still lower oxidation state HClO3 chloric acid
HClO2 chlorous acid
HClO4 perchloric acid
HClO hypochlorous acid
HIO hypoiodous acid
4)Salt
General formula 通式 :MnXm 命名: Name of M stem of X + -ide - ide, 化物) Oxide chloride nitride hydride
KI potassium iodide
Al2S3 aluminum sulfide
LiH lithium hydride
Oxysalt 含氧酸盐 Name the metal ion first and then the anion Naming anions:
-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X) -ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X) HNO3 nitric acid
NaNO3 sodium nitrate
HNO2 nitrous acid
NaNO2 sodium nitrite
SO42- sulfate
SO32- sulfite AgClO4 silver perchlorate
NaIO3 sodium iodate
H
KClO2 potassium chlorite KBrO potassium hypobromite MnO42- manganate MnO4- permanganate Acid salt 酸式盐 Using hydrogen to specify NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfate NaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate Na2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate 磷酸盐 ) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt exists
NaHSO4 sodium bisulfate
NaHSO3 sodium bisulfite
KHCO3 potassium bicarbonate
5)Metals M with more than one oxidation state 2/5
Two methods: ①后缀法 : 早期使用
stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of M stem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of M HgI2 mercuric iodide
Hg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromous
Cr3+ chromic Cr: chromium
注: In most cas, Latin stem is ud if the metal has symbol derived from its Latin name.(mercury is an exception)
Cu:cuprum ( 拉丁 ),copper (
Cu+ cuprous
Cu2+ cupric
CuI cuprous iodide
CuS cupric sulfide Sn:stannum (拉丁 ), tin ( ) SnCl2 stannous chloride
SnO2 stannic oxide
Fe:ferrum ( 拉丁 ), iron ( )
Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxide
FeBr3 ferric bromide
IUPAC Rule 1957 年开始使用 English name of metal(Roman numeral)
帅气的照片
CuBr copper(I) bromide
CuF2 copper(II) fluoride
SnO tin(II) oxide
SnS2 tin(IV) sulfide
Fe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrate
Fe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfate
U Greek prefixes 希腊文前缀
天昏地暗的意思
Mon (0)— di tri tetr (a)四 pent (a) 五 哺乳期食谱hex (a) 六 hepta octa nona 1to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
PCl5 phosphorus pentachloride
CO2 carbon dioxide 2to specify the number of identical central atoms in condend acids and their corresponding anions.
condend acid 缩酸
H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acid
H4P2O7 diphosphoric acid
3/5
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
H2S3O10 trisulfuric acid
CrO42- 铬酸盐 () chromate
Cr2O72- 重铬酸盐 ()dichromate
3. to indicate extent of substitution
PO43- phosphate
PS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代”硫的含硫的 注:The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been ud to distinguish acids differing in the content of water.
ortho- [ 希腊词头 ] 正、原(无机酸用)邻(位) (有机化合物命名)
meta- [希腊词头 ] 偏(无机酸用)间(位) (有机化合物命名)
ortho-acid 原酸; meta-acid 偏酸
H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid) (原)硼酸
(HBO3)n metaboric acid 偏硼酸
H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid) 原硅酸
H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸(习惯上不叫偏硅酸)
H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid) (正)磷酸 (HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸

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