一种垂直轴海流能发电装置的设计与研究
摘要
随着世界范围内不可再生能源减少，各国纷纷加大对清洁可再生能源的开发利用。海洋中有多种存量丰富的能源，其中海流能理论蕴藏量较大。目前国内外有多种形式的海流能利用装置在运行，其中垂直轴水轮机结构简单、可靠性高得到了大力发展，但目前垂直轴水轮机的能量利用效率偏低，有较大提升空间。本文以提高垂直轴水轮机能量利用率为主要目标，提出一种垂直轴海流能发电装置。
首先对水轮机水动力性能的研究方法进行简要介绍和总结，再对叶片进行受力分析，将叶片的受力分解到叶轮上，完成叶轮的运动分析，得出水轮机能量利用率的计算公式，分析出利用率与多种因素有关，叶片偏角规律是其中一个重要因素。
在结合国内外现有发电装置和目标海域情况的基础上，提出一种10kW垂直轴海流能发电装置，并对样机的基本设计参数进行确定。叶轮由采用中部双支撑安装的三个直叶片组成，载体形式为坐底式，同时完成材料选择、防腐和发电机的选型。在风力机变偏角控制方式的基础上，对水轮机变偏角机构进行重点设计，在Solidworks中进行样机的建模和装配。
以单盘面多流管理论为基础，将水轮机利用率作为目标函数，叶片偏角为优化变量，采用序列二次规划
算法结合遗传算法对函数进行优化，借助Matlab软件实现，得出不同速比下的偏角规律，为了便于机构控制，利用cftool工具对偏角规律进行多项式拟合，最终得到一组连续的偏角函数，以拟合后的偏角规律为基础进行能量利用率的计算，与摆线式偏角规律的能量利用率进行对比，结果显示各速比下优化后偏角规律下的叶轮能量利用率均有提升。
在ANSYS软件中运用CFD方法，对上述偏角下的水轮机进行仿真分析，首先对水轮机模型进行简化，再利用ICEM软件进行前处理；在叶片周围采用O-C 型网格，同时对叶片周围进行网格加强，这样可以提升网格的质量，提高仿真的真实性；导入UDF自定义函数以完成偏角规律的实现；在不同叶尖速比下以固定偏角规律、摆线式偏角规律、优化后偏角规律三种规律为对比，结果显示优化后偏角规律可以提高水轮机的利用率，不同偏角规律的最佳尖速比位置不同。
关键词：垂直轴水轮机，水动力性能，样机设计，变偏角，数值模拟
I
Design and Rearch of a Vertical-axis Ocean Current Energy
Power Generation Device
ABSTRACT
With the reduction of non-renewable energy worldwide, countries have incread their u of clean and renewable energy. There are many kinds of abundant energy in the ocean, among which the ocean current energy theory has a large rerves. At prent, there are various forms of ocean current energy utilization devices in operation at home and abroad. Among them, the vertical-axis turbines have been vigorously developed with simple structure and high reliability. However, the energy utilization efficiency of vertical-axis turbines is currently low, and there is much room for improvement. In this paper, with the main goal of improving the energy utilization of the vertical axis turbine, a vertical axis ocean current energy power generation device is propod.
Firstly, a brief introduction and summary of the rearch methods of the hydrodynamic performance of the turbine, and then the force analysis of the blade, the force of the blade is decompod on the impeller, the motion analysis of the impeller is completed, and the calculation formula of the energy utilization rate of the turbine is obtained. The output utilization rate is related to many factors, and the law of blade angle is one of the important factors.
Bad on the existing domestic and foreign power generation devices and the target a area, a 10kW vertical axis a current energy power generation device is propod, and the basic design parameters of the prototype are determined. The impeller is compod of three straight blades install
ed with double supports in the middle. The carrier is in the form of a at bottom. At the same time, the material lection, corrosion protection and generator lection are completed. On the basis of the variable declination control method of the wind turbine, the key design of the variable declination mechanism of the turbine is carried out, and the prototype is modeled and asmbled in Solidworks.
Bad on the single-disk multi-flow management theory, the utilization rate of the turbine is taken as the objective function, the blade declination is the optimization variable,
and the quence quadratic programming algorithm combined with the genetic algorithm is ud to optimize the function. With the help of Matlab software, the results are obtained at different speed ratios. In order to facilitate the mechanism control, the cftool tool is ud to perform a polynomial fitting on the declination law, and finally a continuous t of declination functions is obtained. Bad on the declination law after fitting, the energy utilization rate is calculated, and The energy utilization ratio of the cycloidal declination law is compared, and the results show that the energy utilization rate of the impeller under the declination law is improved after optimization at each speed ratio.
Using the CFD method in ANSYS software to simulate and analyze the turbine under the above-mentioned declination, first simplify the turbine model, and then u the ICEM software for pre-proce
理想的实现ssing; u OC-type grid around the blade and grid around the blade Strengthen, which can improve the quality of the mesh and improve the authenticity of the simulation; import UDF custom functions to complete the implementation of the declination law; under a different tip speed ratio, with a fixed declination law, cycloidal declination law, optimization The three types of back declination laws are compared. The results show that the optimized declination laws can improve the utilization rate of the turbine, and the optimal tip speed ratio positions for different declination laws are different.
KEY WORDS: vertical axis turbine, hydrodynamic performance, prototype design, variable declination, numerical simulation
目录
第一章引言 (1)
1.1课题研究背景及意义 (1)
1.2海流能发展现状 (2)
1.2.1垂直轴海流能装置 (2)
1.2.2水平轴海流能装置 (5)
1.2.3其他海流能装置 (6)
科教科1.3国内外垂直轴水轮机变偏角技术研究进展 (7)
1.3.1垂直轴风力机变偏角技术 (7)
1.3.2国际上垂直轴叶轮机变偏角技术 (8)
1.3.3国内垂直轴水轮机变偏角技术 (9)
1.4课题主要研究内容 (9)
第二章垂直轴水轮机水动力学分析和研究方法 (11)
马其顿王朝
2.1水轮机水动力性能研究方法 (11)
2.1.1基于动量定理的流管法 (11)
2.1.2基于旋涡理论的方法 (12)
2.1.3基于求解N-S方程的CFD方法 (13)
2.2水轮机受力分析 (16)
2.2.1翼型介绍 (16)
2.2.2叶片运动分析 (16)
2.2.3水轮机受力分析 (17)
2.3本章小结 (21)
第三章10KW级垂直轴变偏角海流能发电装置设计 (22)
3.1总体设计参数 (22)
心痛彻背3.1.1目标海域海况 (22)
3.1.2主要技术指标 (22)
3.2水轮机结构设计 (28)
3.2.1变偏角机构设计 (28)
3.2.2整体方案 (30)
3.3本章小结 (31)
第四章垂直轴水轮机偏角规律优化研究 (32)
4.1优化模型的建立 (32)
4.1.1诱导速比求解 (32)
4.1.2能量利用率数学模型建立 (33)
台灯的英语单词
4.2最优问题的求解方法 (34)
4.2.1传统优化方法 (34)
4.2.2遗传算法 (34)
微信转账收手续费吗4.3优化模型的求解 (36)
4.4优化结果的处理 (38)
4.5本章小结 (40)
第五章变偏角规律下水轮机CFD建模及结果分析 (41)
5.1垂直轴水轮机数值建模 (41)
5.1.1模型的简化及假设 (41)
5.1.2网格划分 (42)
5.1.3求解设置 (44)
5.1.4收敛性判断 (46)
5.2水轮机模拟结果及分析 (46)
一什么台灯填量词
5.2.1设计参数 (46)
5.2.2各物理场分析 (46)
5.2.3模拟数据处理计算 (48)
销售沟通技巧
5.3本章小结 (50)
第六章总结与展望 (51)
6.1总结 (51)
6.2展望 (51)
参考文献 (53)
攻读硕士学位期间的科研成果 (56)
致谢 (57)
