英语构词法讲解及相关练习

更新时间:2023-05-21 19:35:08 阅读：评论：0

构词法 Word Formation

在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。

一、合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。

(1) 合成形容词

释怀的网名

方式	例词
1形容词＋形容词	red-hot
2形容词＋名词	first-class, full-time, part-time
3形容词＋现在分词	good-looking, free-thinking,
4形容词＋过去分词	ready-made
5形容词＋名词-ed	good-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded
6名词＋名词-ed	iron-willed
7名词＋形容词	world-famous, day-long
8名词＋现在分词	beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting,
9名词＋过去分词	man-made, water-covered,
10副词＋形容词	ever-green 核桃分心木的功效与作用
11副词＋现在分词	hard-working, far-eing
12副词＋过去分词	well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known
13数词＋名词	five-year
14数词＋名词+形容词	five-year-old
15数词＋名词-ed	four-legged, six-storied

(2)合成动词

(3)合成名词

年会抽奖活动方案

构成方式	例词
1名词＋名词	horback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone,
2形容词＋名词	back-yard, forehead,
3动名词＋名词	hiding place, reading-room
4动词＋副词	get-off, break in,
5副词＋动词	output, overflow

(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever

(5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, mylf, something, anything,

二、派生 Derivation

前缀

前缀	含义	例词
a-	处在……	ari, aside, alone
en-	使可能	enrich, enable, enslave
dis-	不，否定	dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagree
un-	不做相反动作	unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclo, undress, uncover, untie
in- im- ir- il-	不，非	inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical irregular, irresponsible illogical,
non-	不，非	non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stop
de-	向相反方向发展	Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）
anti-	反（对）	anti-freeze, anti-fascist
mis-	错误的，坏的	misdoings, misunderstand, misfortune
re	重复，再	rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle,
co-	共同	co-exist, co-operate, co-education
ex	以前的	Ex-husband, ex-president
tele	远程	telephone, telegraph, telescope
super-	在上面，超级	supermarket, superpower,
under-	在……之下	underline, underestimate, underground,
inter-	相互，之间	international, interact, inter-change
sub-	下，次	subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent,
trans-	过，穿过，变	transformation(变形), translate
vice-	副	vice-premier, vice-president

mi-	半	mifinal, micircle, mi-automatic
bi	两个	手工粘贴画 bicycle, biennial两年一次的
tri	三个	triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎
mul-	多，多种	multiply, multi-national, multi-coloured
kilo-	千	kilometre, kilogram

后缀

摆渡是什么意思

	后缀	例词
名词	-er	farmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, , villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater
	-ess	actress, waitress, princess, hostess
	-or	conductor, sailor, transistor, operator,
	-ar	beggar
	-e	Chine, Portugue, Japane
	-ian	musician, Egyptian, physician
	-ist	scientist, dentist, communist, socialist,
	-ent/-ant	assistant
	-ment	argument, judgment, government
	-ness	happiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness
	-tion	干燥起皮dictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention
	-ing	building, wedding, painting
	-ship	leadership, friendship, hardship
	-age	shortage, marriage, leakage
	-ty	loyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty
	-th	truth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth
	-ance	acceptance, assistance, reliance, appearance
	-ence	dependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence
	-ful	mouthful, handful, plateful,
	-al	refusal, denial, arrival

注意： -e, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。

-er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。

韩剧上流社会

	后缀	例词
形容词	-al	central, industrial, national, natural
	-an	European, American, Australian
	-ern	eastern, northern, southern
	-able	reasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, nsible
	-ful	careful, cheerful, grateful, faithful,
	-ish	childish, Swedish, lfish
	-ive	destructive, collective, active, creative, effective
	-y	thirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny
	-less	careless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless
	-en	golden, wooden, woolen
	-ous	courageous, famous, continuous, rious, various
	-ary	imaginary, revolutionary, condary
	-ic	realistic, historic, poetic
	-some	troublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome
	-like	childlike, womanlike, manlike
	-ant	ignorant, significant, obrvant, important
	-ent	diligent, silent, excellent, frequent
	-ly	lively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly 我发现了
	-ish	childish, foolish

	后缀	例词
动词	-ize	realize, modernize, mechanize, criticize,
	-en	widen, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen
	-fy	Simplify, beautify, terrify,

	后缀	例词
副词	-ward(s)	forward, northward, backward, downward
副词	-ly	slowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly

三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。

1. 名词和动词之间的转化

telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录音——记录, name, date, hand, study,

2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的——使完善

3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的

4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领

Ⅰ.Match the right words from the right column with the words on the left.

( ) 1. enrich		A. trying to find jobs
( ) 2. micircle		B. remove, get rid of ice, frost
( ) 3. troublesome		C. of, having, using imagination
( ) 4. sharpen		D. make or become sharp
( ) 5. job-hunting		E. half a circle
( ) 6. limitless		F. causing trouble
( ) 7. imaginative		G. make rich, improve in quality, flavour, etc.
( ) 8. defrost		H. without limit

Ⅱ.U the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.

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标签：名词形容词转化相反功效录音构成镜子

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