the Politeness Principle and its application to English teaching
Abstract: This article, bad on the Politeness Principle propod by Leech, is to introduce a whole teaching process carried out in English class and examine the effectiveness of the pragmatic application of the Politeness Principle to English language teaching. It points out that teachers’ application of the Politeness Principle in class can motivate as well as facilitate their teaching.
梦的起点Key words: the Politeness Principle; application; English language teaching
Ⅰ.Introduction
Language is a symbolic system to describe objects in the world; it is also a major tool by which we communicate who we are, what we are doing, and how we feel toward addres and the events around us. In our everyday life, there is difference between politeness and impoliteness when expressing the same meaning. We should u polite words, which can help us build a smoother communication bridge, develop into an excell
ent person and avoid the contradiction and embarrassment in our daily communication. Politeness is a symbol of human civilization and an important standard in the social life.
晚睡晚起的危害 实物档案 Polite language is different from the general language in that it can help build a friendly ligament between the addresrs and the addres. As a teacher, we should bear in mind the importance of polite language in our classroom teaching, follow the polite principle and apply the polite language to our classroom teaching. Language is ud for communication. In our classroom teaching of English, it is very important for the teachers and students to communicate with each other. Language is not only the aim of teaching, but also a method of teaching. Therefore, we can say, whether teachers’ language is polite or not plays an important role in the classroom teaching. As teachers, if we communicate with students in a polite way, it is very easy for us to make a clo relation with the students. Otherwi, students may feel hurt by our impolite words and thus they may not like us and the subject we teach. So, if we want to obtain an effective teaching, it is very necessary for us to pay more attention to the language we u in such a particular environment—classroom teaching. In addition, it is also very necessary for the students t
o learn and u language in a polite environment, which is not only a basic request of language teaching, but also a basic request of teachers’ qualities.
Ⅱ.Politeness and the Politeness Principle
In everyday conversation, there are ways to go about getting the things we want. When we are with a group of friends, we can say to them, "Go get me that plate!", or "Shut-up!" However, when we are surrounded by a group of adults at a formal function, in which our parents are attending, we must say, "Could you plea pass me that plate, if you don't mind?" and "I'm sorry, I don't mean to interrupt, but I am not able to hear the speaker in the front of the room." In different social situations, we are obligated to adjust our u of words to fit the occasion. It would em socially unacceptable if the phras above were reverd. Then, we have to know what being “polite” means. According to Leech, “some illocutions (e.g., orders) are inherently impolite, and others (e.g., offers) are inherently polite” (1983:83). This view assumes politeness to be an abstract quality, residing in individual expressions, lexical items or morphemes, without regard for the particular circu
mstances that govern their u. Being “inherently” polite implies being always polite, without regard for the contextual factors that define what is polite in a given situation. According to Brown and Levinson, politeness strategies are developed in order to save the hearers' "face." Face refers to the respect that an individual has for him or herlf, and maintaining that "lf-esteem" in public or in private situations. Usually you try to avoid embarrassing the other person, or making them feel uncomfortable.
咫尺天涯的拼音
We can say, politeness is best expresd as the practical application of good manners or etiquette.Politeness is a sociocultural phenomenon, roughly to be defined as showing, or appearing to show, consideration of others. Politeness can thus be en as one of the basic social guidelines for human interaction. The goal of politeness can then be described as reflecting or realizing the social or interpersonal function of language with politeness being“a system of interpersonal relations designed to facilitate interaction by minimizing the potential for conflict and confrontation inherent in all human interchange”(Lakoff,1990:34).
Politeness phenomenon is universal almost in all languages and the Politeness Principle is one of the most influential theories concerning politeness. Mentioning the Politeness Principle, one will think of Leech’s Politeness Principle (in the following PP refers to Leech’s PP). What is more, PP as one of communicative principles, many scholars have touched upon it like Lakoff(1973),Brown and Levinson(1978) and Leech(1983) etc.. It is generally recognized that the pioneering work of Lakoff, Brown and Levinson and Leech etc. launched in the 1970s, has greatly contributed to the ensuing enthusiasm in politeness studies. This also shows that more and more people have realized the need and importance to carry out rearch on politeness. What is more, human beings do not and cannot possibly live in isolation; people need to interact constantly with other people and politeness is one of the important thongs they should bear in mind to ensure smooth and successful interaction.玩具总动员3
On the other hand, advances in science and technology have gradually eliminated the distance of time and space and greatly contributed to easier and more frequent human interaction, putting the study of politeness on a high agenda. To ignore politeness studies
entails running the risk of miscommunication, conflict and friction etc. to say it simply, where there is communication, there are politeness studies. As a result, politeness as a rearch topic of much concern has been and is enjoying much popularity with people specialized in the areas of pragmatics, sociolinguistics and intercultural communication etc.
金毛>从句英语 In Leech’s PP, politeness concerns a relationship between two parties or sides whom we may call lf and other, or we may say that the relationship of the two parties or sides is the concerns of the politeness. The maxims of the PP tend to be going in pairs as follows:
干炸丸子的做法
