常耀信美国⽂学简史第3版笔记和考研真题详解
《美国⽂学简史》（第3版）（常耀信主编）⼀直被⽤作⾼等院校英语专业英国⽂学教材，被许多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。作为该教材的学习辅导书，本书具有以下⼏个⽅⾯的特点：
1．梳理章节脉络，浓缩内容精华。每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进⾏了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记，因此，本书的内容⼏乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。
2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。本书章节笔记采⽤了中英⽂对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运⽤。3．精选考研真题，补充难点习题。本书精选名校近年考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点，但⼜不完全局限于教材内容，是对教材内容极好的补充。
第1章 殖民地时期的美国
1.1 复习笔记
Ⅰ. American Puritanism（美国清教主义）
The British began to immigrate to North America in the first half of the 17th century. The first permanent English ttlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. In 1620, the ship Mayflower carried about one hundred Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth, Massachutts.Many early American immigrants were Puritans, and they came to the United States for a variety of reasons. The Puritanism they believed in later took root in the New World and had a profound impact on American thought and American literature.
英国向北美的移民活动开始于17世纪上半叶。英国于1607年在北美建⽴了第⼀个永久性海外殖民区：弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦。1620年“五⽉花”号载运100余名移民抵达马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯。很多美国早期的移民是清教徒，他们出于多种原因来到美国。他们信奉的清教主义后来在新⼤陆⽣根发芽，并对美国思想和美国⽂学产⽣了根深蒂固的影响。
1 Doctrines of Puritanism（清教主义的教义）
The Puritans believed in the doctrine predestination put forward by the theologian John Calvin, including original sin, complete depravity, and limited redemption.
清教徒信奉神学家约翰·加尔⽂宣扬的预设定论，原罪，彻底的堕落，有限制的救赎等神学主张。
2 The influence of Puritanism on American literature（清教主义对美国⽂学的影响）
(1) The idealism of Puritan had exerted a great influence on American writers.
Overall, American literature, at least white American literature, is bad on the myth of the Garden of Eden in the Bible. To a large extent, it is a literary form of pious idealism as the legacy of American Puritanism. The Puritans longed to live in a perfect order. With great courage, they hope to establish a new Garden of Eden in the United States so that they can finally live an ideal life. Encouraged by this n of mission, they were very optimistic in the face of difficulties and obstacles. The have become important nourishment for the production and development of American literature. Optimism is embodied in the works of many American writers.
(1) 清教徒的理想主义对美国作家的⽂学创作产⽣了深远的影响。
从总体来看，美国⽂学——⾄少是⽩⼈的美国⽂学——是建筑在《圣经》伊甸园神话基础上的⽂学。在很⼤程度上，它是美国清教主义遗产——虔诚理想主义的⼀种⽂学形式。清教徒梦想着⽣活在⼀种完善的秩序之下，怀着勇⽓和希望在美国建⽴新的伊甸园，以使得他们能最终过上理想的⽣活。在这种使命感的⿎舞下，他们⾯对艰难险阻却充满乐观主义情绪。这些都成为美国⽂学产⽣发展的重要滋养。乐观主义弥漫在许多美国作家的作品⾥。
(2) American Puritans’ metaphorical way of obrving things led to the emergence of symbolism, whi
ch is typical in American literature.
Puritan theology and Puritan literary practice are the main reasons for the development of native symbolism in the United States. To the pious Puritans, the reality of the world is just the symbol of God. All phenomena in life are part and concrete manifestation of God’s intention. It is easy to spot this symbolic process which often occurred in Puritan thinking. Over time, this process became part of the cultural traditions on which the American people and writers grew up. Symbolism is commonly ud by Jonathan Edwards, Emerson, Hawthorne, and Melville. This unique way of obrving the world by the Puritans is a basic component of their education.
(2) 美国清教徒形象地观察事物的⽅式导致了具有典型美国⽂学特点的象征主义的产⽣。
清教神学和清教徒的⽂学实践是美国本⼟象征主义发展的主要原因。在虔诚的清教徒看来，现实的⼤千世界只是上帝的象征⽽已。⽣活中的⼀切现象都是上帝意图的组成部分和具体表现。很容易发现这种在清教徒思维中经常发⽣的象征过程。随着时间的推移，这⼀过程便成为美国⼈民和作家赖以成长的⽂化传统的⼀部分。乔纳森·爱德华兹，爱默⽣，霍桑，麦尔维尔来说，象征主义已成为⼀种常⽤的技巧。清教徒这种独特的观察世界的⽅式是他们所受教育的⼀个基本构成部分。
地道战读后感
(3) In terms of the writing skills, the conciness of Puritan works also profoundly affected American l
英汉互译
iterature.
The works of Puritan writers show a fresh and conci style. They u simple and sincere rhetoric, with the noble temperament under the direct influence of the Bible. Their works have left a lasting influence on American literature. (3) 在写作技巧⽅⾯，清教徒作品的朴实⽆华也深刻地影响了美国⽂学。
清教徒作家的写作风格是语⾔清新、简单、直接；修辞简朴、诚挚，带有圣经直接影响下的⾼贵⽓质。这些都给美国⽂学留下了持久的印迹。
Ⅱ. Overview of the colonial literature（殖民地⽂学简介）
American literature grew out of humble origins. Diaries, histories, journals, letters, commonplace books, travel books, rmons, in short, personal literature in its various forms, occupied a major position in the literature of the early colonial period.
美国⽂学由很多粗糙的⽂体发展⽽来。⽇记、稗史、札记、书信、备忘录、游记及布道⽂稿等在内的各种形式的私⼈⽂字，在早期殖民时期的⽂学中占据着主要地位。
1 Major writers of colonial period（殖民地时期主要作家）
(1) John Smith (1580-1631)
垃圾分类现状Captain John Smith was one of the founders of the colony Jamestown, Virginia. His writing about North America became the source of information about the New World for later ttlers.
In The General History of Virginia he wrote about his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas.
Another thing he wrote about that became historically important was his description of the fertile and vast new continent in his A Description of New England.
(1) 约翰·斯密斯
约翰·斯密斯上校是弗吉尼亚州詹姆斯敦殖民地的建⽴者之⼀。他的作品中有关北美的叙述成为后来移民了解北美新⼤陆的信息来源。
约翰·史密斯在《弗吉尼亚通史》中讲述了他被印第安⼈俘虏及被著名的印第安公主郎波克杭特丝营救的故事。
他的另⼀部具有重⼤历史意义的作品是《新英格兰概览》，其中描述了肥沃且⼴袤的美洲新⼤陆。
(2) William Bradford (1590-1657)
In 1620 William Bradford led the Mayflower endeavor and became the first governor of the Plymouth Plantation with his group of pilgrim fathers.
His major work is Of Plymouth Plantation.
(2) 威廉姆·布雷福德
在1620威廉姆·布雷福德率领清教徒前辈移民乘“五⽉花”号到达美洲，他后来成为普利茅斯的⾸任总督。
他的主要作品是《普利茅斯开发史》。
(3) John Winthrop (1588-1649)
John Winthrop was the first governor of the Massachutts Bay colony.
In his famous speech A Model of Christian Charity he stated that “we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us.”
The two major poets in the colonial period were Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor.
(3) 约翰·温思罗普
约翰·温思罗普是马萨诸塞湾殖民地的⾸任总督。
在其著名演说《基督教博爱的典范》中他说到“我们将成为⼭巅之城，全世界⼈民的眼光都在注视着我们。”
殖民时期的两⼤诗⼈是安·布雷兹特⾥特和爱德华·泰勒。
勤组词
本⽂内容节选⾃恒朝教育⽹，完整版见下图。
恒朝教育⽹内搜索常耀信即可呈现内容
⽬录：
第1章 殖民地时期的美国
1.1 复习笔记
1.2 考研真题与典型题详解
1.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第2章 爱德华兹·富兰克林·克⾥夫古尔
特点的英语
2.1 复习笔记
2.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第3章 美国浪漫主义·欧⽂·库柏
3.1 复习笔记
3.2 考研真题与典型题详解
吉士粉的作用和用法
第4章 新英格兰超验主义·爱默⽣·梭罗
4.1 复习笔记
4.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第5章 霍桑·麦尔维尔
5.1 复习笔记
5.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第6章 惠特曼·狄⾦森
6.1 复习笔记
6.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第7章 埃德加·爱伦·坡
7.1 复习笔记
arp病毒7.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第8章 现实主义时期·豪威尔斯·詹姆斯
8.1 复习笔记
8.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第9章 地⽅⾊彩⼩说·马克·吐温
9.1 复习笔记
9.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第10章 美国⾃然主义·克兰·诺⾥斯·德莱赛·罗宾森10.1 复习笔记
10.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第11章 20世纪20年代·意象派·庞德
11.1 复习笔记
11.2 考研真题与典型题详解
电脑运行内存第12章 艾略特·史蒂⽂斯·威廉斯
12.1 复习笔记
12.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第13章 弗罗斯特·桑德堡·卡明斯·哈特·克兰·穆尔13.1 复习笔记
13.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第14章 菲茨杰拉德·海明威
14.1 复习笔记
14.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第15章 南⽅⽂艺复兴·威廉姆·福克纳
15.1 复习笔记
15.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第16章 安德森·斯坦·刘易斯·凯瑟·沃尔夫
16.1 复习笔记
16.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第17章 20世纪30年代·多斯·帕索斯·斯坦贝克17.1 复习笔记
17.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第18章 波特·韦尔蒂·麦卡勒斯·韦斯特·新批评18.1 复习笔记
18.2 考研真题与典型题详解
第19章 美国戏剧
19.1 复习笔记
