大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷248 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 3. Reading Comprehension
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section C
About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in eing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it. However, paradoxically, just recently a group of black parents filed lawsuit (诉讼) in California claiming that the state’托福范文s ban on IQ testing discriminates against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test (They believed, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating children for special education class.) The judge, therefore, reverd, at least partially, his original decision. And so the argument goes on and on. Do
es it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even facilitating, such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it ems to us very important to know whether it is becau he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cau. What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cau. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a child’s physical condition or his intellectual level. Unfortunately, intellectual level ems to be a nsitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so. And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed. As to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child新增长理论’s intellectual level, the better for the child in question.
1． Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?赛尔号洛吉拉斯
A．Its validity was challenged by many communities.
B．It was considered discriminative against minority children.
C．It met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.
D．It deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.
正确答案：B
千机大轰炸解析：根据文章第2段“有些人认为智力测验对少数民族儿童不公平。因此，在过去的几十年里，智力测验已不再流行，在有些社区甚至被禁止了”，这里的it指代前面的intelligence testing。因此，B与文章所表达的意思一致。 知识模块：仔细阅读
2． The recent legal action taken by some black parents in California aimed to ______.
A．draw public attention to IQ testing
B．put an end to special education
C．remove the state’s ban on intelligence tests
D．have their children enter white schools
正确答案：C
解析：根据文章第3段第2句“最近，一群黑人父母提出诉讼，声称该州禁止智商测验剥夺了他们的孩子接受这种测验的机会，是对孩子的歧视”，由此可判断黑人父母要求取消对智力测试的禁令。故此，应该选C。 知识模块：仔细阅读
3． The author believes that intelligence testing______.
A．may ea racial confrontation in the United States
B．can encourage black children to keep up with white children
C．may riously aggravate racial discrimination in the United States
D．can help black parents make decisions about their children’s education
正确答案：D
解析：根据文章第4段末句和第5段首句“如果任何一种肤色的小孩在学校的成绩不好，弄清楚是由于他的智商低，还是由于其他原因引起的对我们来说似乎很重要；学校和家庭只有弄清楚孩子成绩不好的原因才能帮助孩子”，因此，应选D。 知识模块：仔细阅读
4． The author’s opinion of child adoption ems to be that______.
A．no rules whatsoever can be prescribed
B．white families should adopt black children
C．adoption should be bad on IQ test results
D．cross-racial adoption is to be advocated
正确答案：A
解析：根据文章第7段末句“因此，很难说到底怎样才是最好的。但肯定无疑的是，我们大家都需要有善意”，由此可推断，人们并不能制定某种规则来限制它，故此，A与文章的意思相符。 知识模块：仔细阅读
5． Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that ______.
A．good will may sometimes complicate racial problems
B．social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of children
C．intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areas
D．American opinion can shift when it comes to nsitive issues
正确答案：D
解析：文章第6段前两句，作者提出“智商水平似乎是个敏感的问题。法律允许我们不时改
变观点。在智商以外的其他领域也存在着这种来来回回不断变化的情况”，儿童收养问题只是作者举的一个例子，旨在说明在一些敏感问题上，人们的观点可以不断变化的情况。故选D。 知识模块：仔细阅读
The desire for achievement is one of life’s great mysteries. Social scientists have devoted lifetimes studying the drives that spur us out of bed in the morning, compel us to work or study hard and spark all manner of human endeavors. Indeed, a 1992 textbook actually documents 32 distinct theories of human motivation. Given this diversity of thought, it哑铃健身’s easy to forget that for half a century, American society has been dominated by the psychological school known as behaviorism, or Skinnerian psychology. Although behaviorism and its fundamental principle of “positive reinforcement” have long since lost their sway in academic circles, the Skinnerian legacy remains powerful in every realm of daily life, from the home and classroom to the workplace. Don’t want to take the trash out? Do it, and you can go to the movies Friday night. Not in the mood for work? Keep plugging away, and you might get a bonus. Not interested in calculus? Strive for an A in the class, and you’ll make the honor roll. The theory may be bankrupt, but incentives and
五官新说rewards are so much a part of American culture that it’s hard to imagine life without them. Yet that’s exactly what a growing group of rearchers are advocating today. A steady stream of rearch has found that rather than encouraging motivation and productivity, rewards actually can undermine genuine interest and diminish performance. “Our society is caught in a whopping paradox,” asrts Alfie Kohn, author of the new book Punished by Rewards (Houghton Mifflin), which surveys recent rearch on the effectiveness of rewards. “We complain loudly about declining productivity, the crisis of our school and the distorted values of our children. But the very strategy we u to solve tho problems—dangling rewards like incentive plans and grade and candy bars in front of people—is partly responsible for the fix we’re in.” It’s tough argument to make in a culture that celebrates the spoils of success. Yet study after study shows that people tend to perform wor, to give up more easily and to lo interest more quickly when a reward is involved. Children who are given treats for doing artwork, for example, lo their initial love of art within weeks. Teenagers who are promid a reward for tutoring youngsters don’t teach as enthusiastically as tutors offered nothing. And chief executive officers who
have been awarded long-term incentive plans have often steered their companies toward lower returns.
6． According to behaviorism, all human actions ______.
A．are bad on stimulus and respon
B．have no bearing on human drives
C．are suppod to be highly motivated
D．are of a great mystery
正确答案：A
解析：第2段第2句提到行为主义的根本理论是正面性强化理论，随后举例说明要对人的行为进行刺激，A是正确的。根据第2段首句的this diversity of thought(即第1段末提到的theo
ries of human motivation)，it’s easy to forget…可知“动机理论”与下文讲到的行为主义的正面性强化理论是不一样的理论，故C不正确。 知识模块：仔细阅读
7． Behaviorism basically believes in ______.
A．motivation
绿色环保宣传语
B．performance
C．rewards
D．human factors
正确答案：C
元宵祝语
解析：第2段大致对行为主义进行相关的描述，最后一句说也许这一理论已失去影响力，但是奖励在美国文化中依然占有重要地位，据此可以推断行为主义相信奖励(rewards)，故选C。 知识模块：仔细阅读
8． In paragraph 2, “calculus” probably refers to “______”.
A．a cour
B．a sport
C．a kind of public rvice
D．a position in the student union
正确答案：A
解析：本题要求通过上下文推测出生词的词义。calculus出现在原文第2段倒数第三句，设问之后紧接着作者回答说，只要在课堂努力争取得到A(美国课程评分系统中的一个等级水平)，就可以上光荣榜，可见calculus是一门课程，即a cour。 知识模块：仔细阅读
