钢轨超声波探伤系统的设计
摘要少儿唐诗
现代测试技术已经成为现代工业生产和科学研究中不可缺少的手段。超声波无损检测（UNDT）IGBT的开关特性产生负300伏的电脉冲信号，该信号使多功能探头中晶片振荡，发出频率为1MHz的超声波。超声波在钢轨中传播，当遇到缺陷或分界面时，一部分超声波会发生反射和透射。反射回波进入超声波探头，引起晶片振荡，产生电信号。此电压信号非常微弱，进入接收电路进行放大，再由检波电路检波后转换成电信号进入单片机引起中断，通过中断程序可计算出从发射到接收超声波所需的时间。通过单片机软件编程，判断缺陷的存在，若存在则报警电路开始报警。同时可以计算出缺陷的位置，通过显示电路显示出来。通过观察示波器进一步判断缺陷的大小。
关键词：多通道；钢轨；探伤；超声波；无损检测
Ultrasonic rail flaw detection system design
ABSTRACT
The modern testing technology has become a modern industrial production and scientific rearch of the indispensable means. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing UNDT becau do not damage to human
body tested objects and harmless and widely ud in industrial test. The design principle of the ultrasonic pul reflecting detection bad on a special t of design flaw in rail of multi-channel ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detection system. This paper first analyzes the design of ultrasonic
承认造句detection technology in domestic and international development status and rearch, introduces the ultrasonic inspection technology and ultrasonic transducer probe the basic principle and characteristics , and combined with the theoretical knowledge and rail flaw digital, intelligent characteristic. According to ction respectively introduces NDT system overall structure design, hardware circuit implementation and software of etc, expounds the t of NDT system structure and function. This design is mainly introduced by transmitting and receiving, detection circuit compod of ultrasonic detection hardware circuit design principle, the function of each circuit are given, it introduces the software design ideas. Under the control of the processor utilization of IGBT, launch circuit switching characteristics of electrical impuls have negative 600 volt signal, this signal that ZhongJing piece oscillation, multi-function probe for the ultrasonic frequency 1MHz issued. Ultrasonic spread in rail, when confronted defects or boundary surface, part of the ultrasonic happen reflection and transmission. Reflection echo, causing an ultrasonic probe into the chip oscillation, generated signals. This voltage signal is very weak, into receiving circuit to amplify, again by detectio
n circuit after entering into electrical signal detection, cau an interrupt by microcontroller interrupt routine may be calculated from the launch to receiving ultrasonic the time needed. judging defect, if prent, alarm circuit began to call the police. Also can be calculated
by the defective position of the display show circuit. Through the obrvation oscilloscope the size of further judgment defects.
Keywords: multichannel；rail ；detection；ultrasonic；Nondestructive testing
目录
1 绪论1
1.1 超声波探伤系统的研究意义 1
1.2 国内外超声波探伤技术的研究发展状况 2魁地奇比赛
国内超声波探伤技术的发展近况 2
国外超声波探伤技术的发展 3
1.3 本次课题设计的内容和意义 4
2 超声波探伤技术的基本理论 5
2.1 超声波的基本概念和特点 5
2.2 超声波入射到异质界面上的反射和透射 6
超声波垂直入射到平界面上的反射和透射 6
超声波倾斜入射到平界面上的反射和折射 7
2.3 探头及试块8
探头8
探头的布置9
试块10
阳澄湖大闸蟹做法
2.4 钢轨超声波探伤的基本原理和常用方法11
3 超声波探伤系统的硬件电路14
3.1 系统硬件电路设计14
3.2 发射电路15
随风飘逸
发射电路的设计思想15
发射电路中所需元器件及部分电路的介绍 16 发射电路的基本工作原理 20
3.3 通道选择电路 22
3.4 接收电路25
消防案例
接收电路的设计思想25
接收电路所需元器件的介绍25
接收电路的基本工作原理 29
3.5 检测放大电路 31
单片机AT89C51 31
8255的介绍34
拉碌碡LED数码管的介绍36
74LS07芯片介绍37
显示电路的连接38
报警电路的设计38
3.6 示波器显示系统的分类与选择 39
4 超声波探伤系统的软件设计44
4.1 超声波探伤系统的软件系统结构44
4.2 定时器的程序及工作方式的设定45
工作模式寄存器TMOD 45
生姜怎样保存
控制寄存器TCON（88H）46 中断技术程序46
结论49
致谢50
参考文献51
