和不定式一样，-ing分词也有逻辑主语，即-ing分词及其短语说明的对象。-ing分词的逻辑主语有下述几种情况：
1.-ing分词的逻辑主语通常是句中的某一词语：作文满分
1)-ing分词作谓语的组成部分、宾语、主语补语和状语时，句子的主语通常是
它的逻辑主语。例如：
What are you doingthere?
交换留学生
I like gettin g up early.
The film is wortheing again.
Pearlis fond of wearin g her long hair.
Mike is foundw orking in the garden.
They are in Englan d visiti ng relati ves.
2)-ing分词作宾语补语时，宾语时它的逻辑主语。例如：
I saw him runnin g for the bus.
I heardher singin g in the next room.易传
With the tree growin g tall, we get more shade.
3)-ing分词作定语时，被修饰的名词及其短语是它的逻辑主语。例如：
Do you know the way leadin g to the statio n?
全职高手第2季Thereare a lot of boys playin g in the garden.
4)有时-ing分词的逻辑主语包含在句中。例如：
Thankyou for coming.
Theirleisur e time is spentplayin g cards.
Seeing her so thin and pale shocke d him.
The mother told the childr en not to talk whileeating.
Don’t be angrywith me for not having writte n to you.
2.-ing分词的逻辑主语在下述情况下不表示出来：
1)逻辑主语是泛指的人时。例如：
( ) Seeing is ( ) believ ing.
( ) Borrow ing largesums of moneyis a big mistak e.
Thereis ( ) no tellin g when he will come.
2)作插入语时，逻辑主语时说话人。例如：
Generally speaki ng, boys are more mischievous than girls.
Strict ly speaki ng, youhave no rightto do that.
Judgin g from what you say, he had done his best.
3)逻辑主语从上下文可以看出而把它省去时。例如：
Mr Whitesuggested ()taking more exerci .
Cathywas agains t( )cancel lingthe meetin g.
I don’t like the idea of( )spendi ng so much money.
3.-ing分词可以有自己的逻辑主语，由-ing分词短语的一部分表示。这种带有逻辑主语的-ing分词短语叫做-ing分词复合结构（comple x constr uctio n of the -ing partic iple），有下列三种：
1）用名词或代词的属格形式标示，在非正式文体中用名词的通格或代词的宾格形式表示。这种-ing分词复合结构通常在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如：
.
It’s no u your tellin g me not to worry
I can’t unders tandhis/him leavin g so sudden ly.阿胶怎么吃效果最佳
n d.
What uptthem was Helen’s leavin g for New Zeala
I don’t approv e of a womanwalkin g by herl f late at night.
没有属格形式的代词或不易构成属格的名词及其短语通常都用通格形式表示。例如：I object to anybody smoking in my room.
I have neverthough t that beingpossib le.
I didn’t notice the door beingshut.
Do you rememb er my mother and me coming to e you?
2)用名词的通格或代词的主格形式表示。这种-ing分词复合结构和句子其余部分无语法联系，因此又叫做-ing分词独立结构（absolu te constr uctio n of the -ing partic iple），通常在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、补充说明等。
例如：
Such beingthe ca, we have to go aheadby ourlves.
Weathe r permit ting, we shallgo for an outing this Sunday.
We divide d the work, she taking one half and I the rest.嵇康最有名气的诗
木桥简笔画3)用结构词there作不及物动词be的-ing分词短语的逻辑主语，表示存在，这种结构通常用作宾语和状语。例如：
Henrydenied therebeinganything rious in the argument.
.
No one wouldhave dreame d of therebeingsuch a good place
Therebeingno bus, we had to go thereon foot.
Therebeingno eviden ce of his crime, the prison er was t free.
4.有些-ing分词的逻辑主语既不是泛指的人而又不能从句中看出，这种-ing分词叫做无依着-ing分词(unatta ched/dangli ng -ing partic iple)。无依着-ing分词在语法上和逻辑
上都是不合理的，应当避免使用，但在非正式文体中不致引起误解时也可以使用。例如：
All the work in the factor y is done sittin g down.
When dining in the restau rant, a jacket and tie and requir ed.
Rather an amusin g thinghappen ed whiledressi ng that mornin g.
In prepar ing the formul a, care must be takento measur e the ingred ients carefu lly.
感觉的特性
When drawin g up a contra ct for the sale of goods,it is necess ary to give a detail ed descri ption of the goods.
