. 黄华，权利，身体与自我一福科与女性主义文学批评「M]北京:
北京大学出
版社，2005必须注意的是，自我的建构是在一种时间的辩证法中实现的。对拉康来说，镜子阶段远不
仅是幼儿的一个自然发展阶段，而且是主体发展中一个体现了时间辩证法的、先行和回溯相互交织的决定性
的时刻。“这一发展是作为时间的辩证法而经历的，它把个体的形成决定性地投射进历史之中：镜子阶段是一
出戏，其内在压力迅猛地从不足冲向先行(anticipation)——对于受空间认同诱惑的主体而言，这出戏生产了从
身体的破碎形象到我所说的关于身体整体性的外科整形形式的种种幻想——直到最终穿戴起异化身份的盔
甲。这副盔甲以其僵硬的结构标识出主体的精神发展。”[2](p6)
拉康认为，镜子有一个整体的功能，构建统一的自我，自我形成于镜像
阶段。
来源于作者与自我分裂 6
Lacan and His Fundamental Concepts of Theory of Subject
Jacques Lacan(1901-80)is undoubtedly the central figure of psychoanalysis in the cond half of the 20th century.He has not
only revolutionized the psychoanalytic practice but also exerted a global reinterpretation of the entire psychoanalytic theoretical edifice
by employing the achievements of structural linguistics and miotics.The reinterpretation has changed the entire field of the scientific debate.Some of his formulas such as“[T]he unconscious is structured like a language”;“[D]esire is the
desire of the Other”(Ecrites:A Selection 121,123),etc.acquire an almost iconic status
like Einstein’
s E=mc2.The least one can say about Lacan is that nobody was undisturbed and unaffected by his work:even tho who
passionately oppo him have to take stance from his theory. For
Lacan, psychoanalysis totally changes the way we should understand数学题库
“cau”,and“reality”,which the fundamental notions like “subject’，
clearly indicates that the Freudian unconscious as primordial and irrational drives is ridiculous; on the contrary, the unconscious is in a
specific way fully rational, discursive, “structured like
a language”(Ecrites:A Selection 121),which entails that Lacan
reduces all psychic life
to a symbolic interplay. He propos the triangle of Imaginary-Symbolic-Real as the three basic phas of forming the subject,the elementary matrix of the human experience.
The term Imaginary is obviously similar with fiction but in Lacanian
深圳购房资格n it is not
simply synonymous with the fictional or unreal;on the contrary,imaginary identifications can have very real effects. There
is of cour an air of unreality to the Imaginary: it traps the subject
into alienating identifications that prevent the truth from emerging.
In the Mirror Stage that is a key step to the formation of the subject,when the baby at the age from six to eighteen months glimps its own image in a mirror or some equivalent to a mirror, it
调焦
greets the image in the mirror with great jubilation and thus identifies with it which is unreal by definition and shows something
yet to become: an integrated unity. It is this identification that forms its unconscious, but its initial lf-identification is inevitably bad
余韵是什么意思
on the Other; so identification with this image in the mirror means alienation of the subject. Therefore, from the beginning, the site of the subject is occupied by the other; the subject is in fact deteriorated into emptiness in esnce. The unconscious which is the soul of the
unconscious, while the subject becomes accordingly the other’ｓ
desire of the subject is the desire of the other. In this n, the unconscious is not a latent being since it is not an entity; on the contrary, it is rather a negativity, a lack of being, and a hole in chains of signifiers. Lacan calls it pre-ontological. Strictly speaking, the unconscious cannot be defined in the n of being delimited.
The Symbolic is a register that exists prior to the individual subject, into which the subject must be inrted if he/she is to be able to speak and desire. The Symbolic is often exhibited as languages, cultures, persons and surroundings around. Inrtion into the Symbolic is a negative or privative process which implies recognition on the part of the child that it is not in posssion of the
摄影师陈漫desire. It is also an object phallus which is the object of the mother’ｓ
酒神狄俄尼索斯
with which the child attempts to identify (desire always being
a desire of and for the Other).The agency that impos the law and deprives the child of the phallus in an act of symbolic castration is
the name of father. It is in the name of father that we recognize the symbolic function which has identified the person with the figure of
the law. In other words, the name of father is the sign of law.
Inrtion into the Symbolic thus implies renunciation of the illusion
of omnipotence associated with identification with the phallus, and it
also introduces a split into the subject. The subject, as ud by Lacan,
is a deliberately ambiguous term; it refers to both the subject of a ntence and the subject of the impersonal laws of language. The subject is always divided or decentered, not simply becau of the prence of the unconscious, but becau of the structures of language itlf. “Existence i s a product of language”(Xie Qun:24). For a subject,to be given a signifier or named is of vital importance.The
symbolic/language decides the existence of being.The things that enter the Symbolic
什么地交谈
and are reprented by language become existent. The things unnamed by language will not exist into being.By analogy,a subject
that is reprented is recognized as a being.A child has to allow itlf
to be reprented by language/signifier in order to be a subject.
Losing the mark of a signifier,one becomes non-being.
Although the Symbolic differentiates dimensions that are confud
in the Imaginary, it does not replace or transcend the Imaginary.
Though every subject must be inrted into or inscribed in the Symbolic,no subject lives in the Symbolic alone, just as speech does
not replace imagery. The two orders co-exist with a third: the Real. It
is not synonymous with external reality but equal to the left dimension that constantly resists symbolism and signification. The34美元
two conceptions the Real and the reality are mutually exclusive.
the daily life-world in which
What we experience as “reality”―
we feel at
home—can only stabilize itlf through the exclusion or primordial repression of the traumatic Real, while the Real is often in the gui
of fantastic apparitions which forever haunt the subject. It is the threatening element that invades the subject when rifts appear in the Symbolic, and the failure to recognize or submit to the name of the
father opens up such rifts. The implication of Lacan’s theory may be
works. First, the mirror stage
two-fold in analyzing Joph Conrad’ｓ
initial attempt to construct an identity as an
marks the child’s
independent entity from the Other and to locate a position in the society. Since its lf-identification is bad on an idealized unitary
image, fragmentation and loss underline its experience as a subject
once it steps into the register of Symbolic .The characters in the
works are haunted by vere loss and inner split when they experience what differentiates its prior existential conditions.Second,
