难忘今宵歌词 Part Ⅲ Reading Section A(卷二)
The ocean is heating up. That's the conclusion of a new study that finds that Earth's oceans now (27)heat at twice the rate they did 18 years ago. Around half of ocean heat intake since 1865 has taken place since 1997, rearchers report online in Nature Climate Change.
Warming waters are known to (28)to coral bleaching(珊瑚白化) and they take up more space than cooler waters, raising a (29). While the top of the ocean is studied, its depths are more difficult to (30)The rearchers gathered 150 years of ocean temperature data in order to get better (31)of heat absorption from surface to abed. They gathered together temperature readings collected by everything from a 19th century (32)of British naval ships to modern automated ocean probes. The extensive data sources, (33)with computer simulations(计算机模拟), created a timeline of ocean temperature changes, including cooling from volcanic outbreaks and warming from fossil fuel (34).
About 35 percent of the heat taken in by the oceans during the industrial era now residents at a (35)of more than 700 meters, the rearchers found. They say they're unsure(36)whether the deep-a warming canceled out warming at the a's surface.
A absorb B combined C contribute
D depth E emission F.explore
G explore H.floor I.heights
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J.indifferent K leve L.mixed
M picture念念有吃 N unsure O voyage
Part Ⅲ Reading Section C(卷二)
Passage One
"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, "are commodities whi
ch are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost uaniversal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation."
海浪的简笔画 Two and a half centuries on, most countries impo some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.质量保修书
Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico's taxation found a fall in purchas of taxed drinks as well as a ri in sales if untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.
The food industry has, in general, been firmly oppod to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.
Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufactures have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.
Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however.
Some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they ll. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.
While reformulating recipes(配方)is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that
there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches-including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes-will be needed. There is no silver bullet.
46.What did Adam Smith say about sugar, alcohol and tobacco.
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A.They were profitable to manufacture.训练心得体会
B.They were in ever-increasing demand.
C.They were subject to taxation almost everywhere.
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D.They were no longer considered necessities of life.
47.Why have many countries started to consider taxing sugar?
A.They are under growing pressures to balance their national budgets.
B.They find it ever harder to cope with sugar-induced health problems.
C.They practice of taxing alcohol and tobacco has proved both popular and profitable.
D.The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.
48.What do we learn about Danish taxation on fat-rich foods?
A.It did not work out as well as was expected.
B.It gave ri to a lot of problems on the border.
C.It could not succeed without German cooperation.
D.It met with firm opposition from the food industry.
