授课题目（教学章节或主题）：unit 16 Robert Lee Frost The Road Not Taken | 授课类型 | 专业选修 | ||
授课时间 | 第 周第 节 | |||
教学目标或要求： 1.master the general idea of this poem; 2.appreciate the poem from following aspects:writing skills, structure, theme,rhymn scheme; 3.understand the lesson the poet given in this poem and let it be guiding light in the cour of your life to make right choice at any time. | ||||
教学重点、难点： 1.appreciate the poem from writing skills, structure, theme,rhymn scheme; 2.understand the lesson the poet given in this poem and let it be guiding light in the cour of life to make right choice at any time. | ||||
教学进程（包括基本内容、环节、步骤）： 教学时数(1)： I.Leading-in 相位对焦1.greeting and brief introduction to Robert Lee Frost 2.Famous Chine sayings about road and there differet meanings: ●其实世上本没有路，走的人多了，也便成了路。 ------鲁迅 ●路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。 ------屈原《离骚》 ●山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。 ------《游山西村》 ●敢问路在何方？路在脚下。 II.The Road Not Taken: pre-reading Outline : Definition: Symbol and symbolism General introduction to this poem Pre-reading questions The appreciation of this poem Discussion: what do you learn from this poem? i. Definition: Symbol and symbolism 1. Symbol A symbol is something that conveys two kinds of meaning; It is simply itlf, and stands for something other than itlf. In other words, a symbol is both literal and figurative. It is a way of telling story and conveying meaning. Hawthorne and Melville were two masters of Symbolism. 2. Symbolism A writing technique of using symbols. 关于成长的开头To the symolist poets, an emotion is indefinite and therefore difficult to communicate. Symbolist poets tend to avoid any direct statement of meaning. Instead, they work through emotionally powerful symbols that suggest meaning and mood. ii. General introduction to this poem Written in February, 1915, just before Frost was about to go back America; Published in 1916 in Mountain Interval , the first collection of poems after Frost’s return. Edward Thomas was later involved in the first World War. Frost was very sorrowful and thus recalled his experience four years age in a New Hampshire forest. He wrote the poem about his friend Edward Thomas, with whom he had walked many times in the woods near London. Robert Frost on his own poetry: "One stanza of 'The Road Not Taken' was written while I was sitting on a sofa in the middle of England: Was found three or four years later, and I couldn't bear not to finish it. I wasn't thinking about mylf there, but about a friend who had gone off to war, a person who, whichever road he went, would be sorry he didn't go the other. He was hard on himlf that way." 大象吃什么This poem depicts a choice made that “has made all difference”. The poem tells us it is the road one choos that makes him the man who he is, so we must be careful enough to make a right decision. iii. Pre-reading questions Why is the poem entitled “The Road Not Taken” , instead of “The Road Taken” ? What do the two roads stand for? How do you understand the word “sigh”?Is it a kind of nostalgic relief or regret? Why does Frost himlf claim that this is a tricky poem? What does he want to convey in this poem? III.The Road Not Taken: The appreciation 小窍门Outline Stanza 1 Stanza 2 Stanza 3 Stanza 4 Theme The form features The Framework of the Poem i. Listen to the readio ii. Stanza 1 1.Diverge: parated, went out in different directions; branch out 2.Road: symbol of life road; Every road leads to a specific place. One’s destination depends entirely on the decisions that he made. 3.Two roads: symbolize thousands of roads and the choices in our lives. 4.Wood The symbol of life, society, the world; 5.Yellow wood An implication of autumn The yellow coloring of the woods is reprentative of the light, hope, and promi that the speaker is standing before. His future is bright and stretches before him. The poem is t in the woods becau we get an image of a quiet, derted place where the speaker is left alone to decide. There are no road signs or people to stop and ask for directions. Similarly, there are no signs in life designed to help people choo their pathes. And be one traveler, Everyone is a traveler in life. We must make decisions that will greatly impact our destination. 6.long I stood The hesitation and consideration, before making choice. It is always difficult to make a decision, becau in one’s lifetime it is impossible to travel down every path, becau the road not taken is people’s yeanings for future happy life. 7.And looked down one as far as I could Looked down one: looked down at one of the two roads. We must be careful enough to make a right decision 8.bent There is never a straight path but a sole direction to head. It symbolizes human life is full of hinders, ups and downs. 9.undergrowth bushes,shrub 10.structure Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, (并列句)And sorry I could not travel both (并列句) And be one traveler, long I stood (并列句) And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; 11.translation 黄色的树林里分出两条路 可惜我不能同时去涉足 我在那路口久久伫立， 我向着一条路极目望去， 直到它消失在丛林深处 iii. Stanza 2 1.Then took the other, looked down one, and then took the other: Some loss, some gain; 2.as just as fair, as proper and reasonable as the choice of the first; both proper and fair; equally good, no less good the poet ems to say there is no differences in the roads itlf, but in choices of roads; whether a certain choice is good or bad depends upon what you do; men are the master; 3.And having perhaps the better claim, Claim: a demand for something as rightful or due. Have a claim on sb: to have the right to demand time, attention, ect. from sb. (the cond road is) perhaps more attractive and charming, which derves more attention. 4.Becau it was grassy and wanted wear; Grassy：covered with grass want: to lack sth Wear(n): the damage and loss of quality that is caud when something has been ud a lot. 磨损，损耗 wanted wear: not quite worn or being not worn, becau few travelers hd trodden it. 5.“It was grassy and wanted wear” the way which is less taken and needs to be explored. The traveler took this path over the more popular, cure one indicates his personality, one that does not want to follow the crowd but do what has never been done, what is new and different. The author encourages us to accept challenges in life, for every person living in the world is just like a traveler in the forest. 6.Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim,Becau it was grassy and wanted wear; Then I took the other road of the two, as proper and reasonable as the choice of the first, perhaps more attractive and charming, which derves more attention, becau it is covered with grass and not quite worn, for few travelers had trodden it. 7.Though as for that, the passing there as for that: concerning the condition of the cond road being untrodden the passing there: people's footprints on road 8.Had worn them really about the same, the two roads have been trodden in the same degree; none is better than the other. 9.Though as for that, the passing there Had worn them really about the same, Though concerning the condition of the road, the two roads have been trodden by people's footprints in the same degree; none is better than the other. 10.structure : Then took the other, (比较状语)as just as fair, And (并列状语) having perhaps the better claim, （原因状语）Becau it was grassy and wanted wear; （并列句中的让步状语）Though as for that, the passing there Had worn them really about the same, 11.translation 但我却选了另外一条路， 它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂， 显得更诱人，更美丽； 虽然在这条小路上， 很少留下旅人的足迹 iv. Stanza 3 1.And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. And that morning both（road） equally lay In leaves which no step had trodden black. And that morning leaves lay in both（road） equally. black: dirty with mud, dust; that morning both roads were covered by the fallen leaves which had not be trodden black by anyone. Perhaps Frost t this becau each time a person comes to the point where an when they have to make a choice, it is new to them. 2.“Morning” Reprents a new beginning and the endless possibilities the day ahead has to offer. Bright future that is spread out before us when we made choice; 婴儿打喷嚏正常吗We must take resposiblity to the choices we made in the eary years. The poem is t in woods on the morning, but it really can be anywhere and any time. It’s the land and time of “Might Have Been” 3.Oh, I kept the first for another day! making one choice and leaving others for the future;(subjective intention)中国合伙人电影 4.way leads on to way: one road may branch into veral minor ways. one choice leads to another choice; one choice limits the possibilities of other choices (objective reality); To choo means to give up another alternative. 5.doubted if I should ever come back: there is conflict between one’s subjective intention and objective reality; lost choice will never be regained; therefore I begin to doubt my choice 6.translation 那天清晨落叶满地， 两条路都未经脚印污染。 啊，留下一条路等改日再见！ 但我知道路径延绵无尽头， 恐怕我难以再回返。 7.structure of the first 3 stanzas (s1)Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,/ And sorry I could not travel both /And be one traveler, long I stood /And looked down one as far as I could /To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, /And having perhaps the better claim, /Becau it was grassy and wanted wear宝宝一周岁; /Though as for that, the passing there /Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay /In leaves no step had trodden black.(s2)/Oh, I kept the first for another day! /(s3)Yet knowing how way leads on to way, /I doubted if I should ever come back. Past ten is ud in the first three stanzas. It indicates the poet is telling a pasd experience, which foucus on making choice: AStand,Look down----Think, hesitate----Two ways BTook---Reasons, choo, give up--------The road taken CDoubed---Sad, disconsolate----The road not taken v. Stanza 4 1.telling this with a sigh: How do you understand the word “sigh”?Is it a kind of nostalgic relief or regret? The word “sigh” is a tricky word, becau it can be interpreted into nostalgic relief or regret. If it is the relief sigh, then “the difference” means the speaker feels glad with the road he took. If it is the regret sigh, then “the difference” would not be good, and the speaker would be sighing in regret. It may be for he was unable to take both. Hence, sigh is ambigous here for the speaker is not showing whether his choice is right or wrong. Further implying the poet’s doubt, worry, even fear before decision; perhaps he will regret his decision. 2.ages and ages hence: (Hyperbole) hence: from this time, late many years later. Many years later, maybe one day I will tell with a sight that: 3.all the difference: the difference occurred by taking this road. the difference of my life from that of the others; there could be two possibilities: right choice: good results, success wrong choice: bad results, failure Here the poet tried to show the importance of choosing a correct way of life. 4.structure I shall be telling this with a sigh (时间状语)/Somewhere ages and ages hence: (补充信息，用于解释) /Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— /I took the one less traveled by, /And that has made all the difference. 5.translation 也许多少年后在某个地方，作文网初中 我将轻声叹息将往事回顾： 一片树林里分出两条路—— 而我选择了人迹更少的一条， 从此决定了我一生的道路。 vi. Theme It ems to be about the poet, walking in the woods in autumn, choosing which road he should follow on his walk, since they are both pretty. In reality, this is a meditative poem symbolically written. It concerns the important decisions which one must take in the cour of life, when one must give up one desirable thing in order to posss another. Life is full of forked roads / crossroads; choices are necessary; different choices lead to different results; choices are important; vii. The form features The poem is a monologue by one who is uncertain about his choice some time ago. This poem consists of: four cinquains (5-line pattern) (traditional stanza) with a rhythm pattern of basic iambic tetrameter (9 syllables), rhyming ABAAB. (rhyme scheme) viii. The Framework of the Poem 1. Stanza One: Describes Situations he talks about the choice before him: 2 roads diverged in a yellow wood. 2. Stanza Two: Decides to Take Less-travelled Road the choice has been made becau he is courageous and independent. 3. Stanza Three: Continues Description of Road the speaker talks of the untrodden road and his uncertainties about the limits of life. 4. Stanza Four: Recalls the Road Taken and Not Taken the speaker becomes convinced about the truth in life: “I took the one less traveled by,/And that has made all the difference”. The poem prents the process of making choice and having doubt, vividly revealing the truth in a metaphoric way. IV.Discussion What do you learn from this poem? What choices have you made and what reality have you faced? What choices will you make and what kind of future wait you ahead? My experience V.Listen to the radio: 未选择的路（中文朗诵） | ||||
教学手段与方法：多媒体教学法，讲授与讨论法，鉴赏法 | ||||
思考题、讨论题、作业： When the poet says that he had to choo between two roads in a wood, is there a wider and symbolic meaning? Why did the poet choo the road that was grassy and wanted wear, and less traveled by? Does it have a symbolic meaning? Look back on your own life, were there situations when you had to choo beetween alternative paths? What do you now think of the choice you have made? | ||||
参考资料（含参考书、文献等）： 《英美文学选读》，吴丹（编），知识产权出版社，2004. 《美国文学选读》（下册），李宜，常耀信（主编），南开大学出版社，2001. 《美国文学史及选读》（第二册），吴伟仁（编），外语教学与研究出版社，1990. 《英美文学选读》，桂扬清，吴翔林（编注），中国对外翻译公司，1985. 《美国文学新编》，胡荫桐（主编），外语教学与研究出版社，2001.
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