仲裁裁决书
Arbitration Award
双方当事人：
（1） 申诉方/反诉被诉方：卖方
（2） 被诉方/反诉申诉方：买方
Parties：
（1） Claimant/counter-defendant： Seller
（2） Defendant/Counter-claimant： Buyer
仲裁地：
Place of arbitration：
安危的意思
事实
FACTS
1994年，双方当事人根据某种协议规格规定签署了3份买卖一种产品的合同。在收到货运单据后，买方即按合同规定，支付了全部合同价的90%.王灿平
金范秀
In 1994, the parties concluded three contracts for the sale of a product according to certain contract specifications. The buyer paid 90% of the price payable under each of the contracts upon prentation of the shipping documents, as contractually agreed.
按第一和第三份合同提供的产品符合协议规格，第二批货物的规格在装运前就有过争议。产品抵达目的地后重新检验，发现其不符合协议规格。为便于脱手，经过某种处理，最终买方将产品卖给了第三方，损失惨重。
The product delivered pursuant to the first and third contracts met the contract specifications. The conformity of the cond consignment was dispute prior to its shipment. When the product was again inspected upon arrival, it was found that it did not meet the contract specifications. The product was eventually sold by the buyer to third pa
rties at considerable loss, after having undergone a certain treatment to make it more saleable.
卖方提请仲裁，要求收回10%的合同余款。买方提起反诉，声称应从卖方所索费用中扣除买方估计应由卖方赔偿买方的一笔费用，即：直接损失费、财务成本费、所损失的利润及利息费。经济英语怎么说
The ller initiated arbitration proceedings to recover the 10% balance remaining due under the contracts. The buyer filed a counterclaim alleging that the ller’s claim should be t off against the amounts which the buyer estimates to be payable to the buyer by the ller, i.e., the direct loss, financing costs, lost profits and interest.
一、适用的法律
I. APPLICABLE LAW
（1） 鉴于合同未含有关实体法的任何条款，故法律问题应根据国际商会仲裁规则第13条第3款决定。根据该条规则，仲裁员们应适用它们认为适合的法律冲突规则所规定的准据法
则。
鸡蛋面膜 （1） The contract contains no provisions regarding the substantive law. Accordingly that law has to be determined by the Arbitrators in accordance with Art. 13（3） of the ICC rules. Under that article, the Arbitrators will apply the law designated as the proper law by the rule of conflicts which they deem appropriate.
（2） 这是一个由不同国际的卖方和买方签署的在第三国交货的合同。买卖规定为船上交货，故风险在卖方所在国便转给了卖方。由此，卖方所在国似乎就成为与买卖关系最近的管辖地。
（2） The contract is between a Seller and a Buyer （of different nationalities） for delivery （in a third country）. The sale b. so that the transfer of risks to the Buyer took place in （the country of Seller）. （The country of Seller） accordingly appears as being the jurisdiction to which the sale is most cloly related.
（3） 有关国际货物买卖适用法律的1995年6月15日《海牙公约》在涉及销售合同时，将
卖方现行居住地法律视为占支配地位的法律。买方所在国加入了《海牙公约》，卖方所在国则没有。尽管如此，法律冲突法的总趋势却是适用合同主要业务的债务人现行所在地的国内法。在销售合同中，此债务人为卖方。基于这些因素，卖方所在国的法律似乎便成了规定买卖双方之间合同的准据法。
客户服务系统 （3） The Hague Convention on the law applicable to international sales of goods dated 15 June 1995 （Art. 3） regarding sales contracts, refers as governing law to the law of the Seller’s current residence. （The country of the Buyer） has adhered to the Hague convention, not （the country of the Seller）. However, the general trend in conflicts of law is to apply the domestic law of the current residence of the debtor of the esntial undertaking arising under the contract. That debtor in a sales contract is the Seller. Bad on tho combined findings, （the law of the country of the Seller） appears to be the proper law governing the Contract between the Seller and the Buyer.
革命事迹
（4） 至于卖方所在国法律的适用规则，仲裁员们依据的是双方当事人各自陈述的理由，以及仲裁员们从一位独立咨询人处所得的信息。根据国际商会仲裁规则第13条最后一段之规定，仲裁员们也将考虑相关的贸易惯例。
中考查询
As regards the applicable rules of （the law of the country of the Seller）, the Arbitrators have relied on the Parties’ respective statements on the subject and on the information obtained by the Arbitration from an independent consultant. The Arbitrators, in accordance with the last paragraph of Art. 13 of the ICC rules, will also take into account the relevant trade usage.
二、反诉的可受理性
II. ADMISSIBILITY OF THE COUNTERCLAIM
（5） 仲裁庭认为，1980年4月11日的《关于国际货物销售的联合国公约》（通称《维也纳公约》）是现行贸易惯例的最好渊源，即使买卖双方所在国均不是公约的成员国，倘若买卖双方所在国均为公约成员国，在本案中，该公约不仅可考虑作为贸易惯例适用，而且还可作为法律适用
（5） The Tribunal finds that there is no better source to determine the prevailing trade usage than terms of the United Convention on the International Sale of Goods of 11 April
1980, usually called the Vienna Convention. This is also even though neither （the country of the Buyer） nor （the country of the Seller） are parties to that Convention. If they were, the Convention might be applicable to this ca as a matter of law and not only as reflecting the trade usage.
（6） 《维也纳公约》已在17个国家生效，考虑用它适用于国际货物销售中的不符规格事项有通用惯例，应属合情合理。《维也纳公约》第38条第1款规定买方负有“当场检查或叫人检查货物”的责任。买方应在注意或应当注意到瑕疵后的合理期限内通知卖方货物不符合合同的规格；否则，他将丧失就上述不符规格而提起索赔的权利。第39条第1款具体规定道：
“如买方在交货后两年之内没有通知卖方，无论如何，买方都将丧失在货物不符规格问题上的申诉权利，除非此种不符规格构成了对长期担保的违背”。
（6） The Vienna Convention, which has been given effect to in 17 countries, may be fairly taken to reflect the generally recognized usage regarding the matter of the non-conformity of goods on international sales. Art. 38（1）of the Convention puts the onus o
n the Buyer to “examine the goods or cau them to be examined promptly”. The buyer should then notify the Seller of the nonconformity of the goods within a reasonable period as of the moment he noticed or should have noticed the defect； otherwi he forfeits his right to rai a claim bad on the said non-conformity. Art. 39（1） specifies in the respect that： “In any event the buyer shall lo the right to rely on a lack of conformity of the goods if he has not given notice thereof to the ller within a period of two years from the date on which the goods were handed over, unless the lack of conformity constituted a breach of guarantee covering a longer period.”
