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英语故事
Leonardo da Vinci
世界公认的天才巨匠达芬奇，如何无与伦比？预防流感小常识
Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci is perhaps the most resplendent figure in the history of the human race — in person, distinguished and strong; in bearing, generous and gentle; in intellect, a giant; in art, the most perfect painter who ever held a brush.
During his lifetime his prence stirred people to wonder and admiration, and to conjectures on his marvelous power. When he walked through the streets of Milan, his long fair hair crowned with a black cap, and his blond beard flowing down over his favorite ro-colored tunic, pasrs-by drew aside, and whispered to one another, “There he goes to paint The Last Supper!” He would travel from his hou a
cross the whole length of the city to work on the picture, mount the scaffold, add two or three touches of colour, and then go away; at other times he would paint in the deepest concentration from morning till night, without food or drink.
Leonardo was also an artist in warfare, and presd by all sorts of demands, entered the rvice of Cesare Borgia, who was chief military engineer.
Profoundly religious, he was the enemy of superstition and magic. Disillusioned and skeptical, cealessly inquiring into the operations of all phenomena, he was at the same time, a poet who loved all outward shapes and forms — children, stern old men, enchanting women, hors, flowers, mountains and moving waters — and who tracked every outward manifestation of life down to the cret source of its energy.
He saw no esntial difference between art and science; his mind was rene, strikingly deliberate, realistic, and endlessly experimental, and yet filled with the artistqq主页’张树桐s delight in the making of new things. He put no trust in inspiration or momen
市盈率是什么意思tary impuls; he was a master of calculations, a thoroughly modern man, superbly conscious in his method and perfectly balanced in his procedures. He was never able to create spontaneously. He painted but few pictures, and tho after infinite reflections and readjustments.
But in the completeness of his knowledge and in his conception of the world and the whole celestial system as one vast design, he came clor to universality than any other men.
Leonardo was born in the village of Vinci, a few miles west of Florence. He was an illegitimate, his mother being a peasant girl of sixteen who, for a consideration, surrendered her child and became the wife of a craftsman. His first years were spent among the mountains of his grandfather’s country estate; at the age of thirteen he was received in his father’s hou at Florence. The young Leonardo was extraordinarily precocious. When a boy, he displayed his abilities in many directions, in mathematics, music, and every branch of design. He played the lute, i
mprovising both words and music. He modeled figures in bas-relief, and made drawings of faces, animals, and flowers. His father, a fashionable lawyer, showed some of his drawings to his friend, Verrocchio, and so astonished was that master at the quality of work that he accepted the boy immediately as his pupil. He remained in Verrocchio’s workshop from his thirteenth to his twenty-fifth year, a time of learning rather than accomplishment. His famewas rising and he was by common connt the most richly gifted and enviable young man in Italy.
离职原因分析From 1478 to 1483, his first years as an independent artist, he supported himlf by painting, He lived not sumptuously but well, keeping rvants and hors.
In his thirtieth year, he entered the rvice of the Duke of Milan. He was engaged as general constructionist and court utilitarian. He had an assured living; was free to come and go as he plead; and his obligations to the Duke did not interrupt his scientific studies. He assisted in the completion of the Cathedral, acted as hydraulic engineer, built canals, and invented the machine gun and breech-loading cannon.
During this period in Milan, Leonardo began to revi and collate his copious notebooks which constituted a repository of incalculable scientific rearches. But other duties continually interfered and he was never able to give his papers anything like systematic arrangement. As a conquence, we have today, disperd in European libraries, 5,000 manuscript pages of unclassified reflections. They reveal one of the finest brains ever put in human head.
In geology he established the law of petrifaction. He was aware of the circulation of the blood. He invented the military tank, hydrophonic devices for communication among ships. He described the flight of birds and made drawings of a 债券回购“bird-man” and of aeroplanes driven by a propeller attached to a spring motor. He worked out every possible type of domed architecture and designed cupola for St. Peter’s, sixty years before Michelangelo. He planned hygienic cities with underground avenues flushed by canals, and hous limited in height to the width of the streets. He had a cure for asickness — the list is endless.
In his notes devoted to painting, Leonardo deals with the fundamental values of art, prenting the subject both scientifically and in the universal terms of God and man. It took him three years to paint The Last Supper. This masterpiece was finished in 1497. The painting immediately lifted him above his contemporaries, and throughout the ages has remained the most famous picture in the world.
