第26讲
介词和介词词组
现代英语基本上属于“分析性语言”（Analytic Language），词语之间的语义关系主要不是通过词性变化而是通过相对固定的词序以及词语的搭配关系表示出来。在这种搭配关系中，介词起着特别重要的作用，可以说介词就是表示词语之间语义关系的词类。
26．1 介词与形容词、动词、名词的搭配关系
介词与形容词、动词、名词之间有着广泛的搭配关系。要掌握介词的用法首先应注意这些搭配关系。
1）介词与形容词的搭配
有些形容词要求与一定的介词搭配。例如：
Is that country rich in minerals？
He is intent on winning。
I am indifferent to heat and cold。
支付宝提现手续费但不少形容词之后可跟不同的介词，表示不同的意义。例如：Ro is alive to the feeling of shame。
The cat is alive with lice。
The man is blind of an eye。
Jack was blind to his own fault。
也有不少形容词之后可跟不同的介词，形容词的意义不变，只是其后的搭配不同。比较：
Joe was very disappointed at not finding her at home。Disappointed at之后的介词补足成分通常指事。
His parents will be disappointed with her if she fails the exam。Disappointed with之后的介词补足成分通常指人。
2）介词与动词的搭配
介词与动词的搭配通常有四种情况（以下a，b，c，d四种介词与动词的搭配是“词组动词”的一种。
a）动词+介词总体平均数
I shall prevail on（说服）him to make the attempt。
Y ou can appeal to a higher court and apply for a fresh trial。
W e concentrated on doing one job at a time。
He fell into （养成）the habit of not attending to other people’s advice。
Y our correspondents have only touched upon（涉及）the fringe of the matter。
b）动词+宾语+介词
The excluded him from the club。
They took me into their confidence。（他们信任我）
Bad weather robs a holiday of half its pleasure。
He relead her from her promi。
The men took me for（误认为）a swindler。
上述搭配中的宾语可按语义意图加以改变。但以下词组动词结构
中的名词不能随意改变。例如：
至尊黑The old window always takes pity on（怜悯）some stray cat or dog。The report lays great emphasis on the development of nurry schools in the area。
Y ou should take advantage of（利用）this opportunity，for it may not occur again。
c）动词+副词小品词+介词
考研科目时间I do not wish to break in on（打断）your thoughts。
The family came up against（碰到）fresh problems。
Y ou are not telling me the whole story。Y ou are holding out on（对```保密）me。
She got off with（结识）him soon after she began to work at the institution。
W e should not put the shortage down to（把````归因于）bad planning。
d）动词+宾语+副词小品词+介词
Y ou should not take your rentment put on（拿```泄恨）me。
Y ou must watch that guy，or he will put something over on（捉弄）you before you know it。
3）介词与名词的搭配
介词与名词的搭配有以下两种情况：
a）某些名词之后要求用某些介词。例如：
There ems to be a solution to his problem。
Have you any faith in herb medicine？
A glance at this letter will convince you by its contents that Mike is grasping at your money。
Is there any need for all this hurry？
b）某些名词之前要求用某些介词。例如：工程师英语怎么说
手抄报初中
A young man should be on his guard against bad company。
W e did it at your request。
俄国内战
In all probability，the mail will arrive tomorrow。
To my delight，he pasd the entrance examination of our institute。上述这类搭配，有些是不固定的，依上下问而定。
由于介词与形容词、动词、名词的搭配关系极其广泛，不能一一列举，只有通过细心的观察和大量的练习才能逐步掌握。下面四则练习都是为了解决这些搭配关系问题。
下面一则练习要求注意形容词与介词的恰当搭配。EXERCISE 26 A
Decide which one of the four choices given is most suitable to complete the ntence：
1．Jerry is very generous——（at，in on，with）his money。2．Plea do not get mad——（on，to，at，against）me。I was only trying to help。
3．Dane was quite agreeable——（with，to，in，about）my
suggestion。
4．He was always attentive——（to，with，on，at）my ideas。5．Fruit is rich——（with，in，of，for）vitamins。
6．She was very quick——（about，at，on，in）bringing the dinner。7．John was understandably awkward——（with，in，on，at）washing up。
8．She was eligible——（to，at，for，about）an increa in salary。9．His cret was safe——（from，on，with，in）them。10．That book is identical——（in，for，with。Of）an American one。
11．Donna was very quick——（in，with，on，at）English。12．She was deaf——（of，to，at，on）his request to do her work。13．Mr Jones is very orthodox——（with，at，of，in）his attitude to Shakespeare。
14．It was most presumptuous——（of，at，in，on）them to behave like that。
15．Canned food may be deficient——（with，in，on，about）vitamins。
国庆黄金周16．The weather is favourable——（to，in，on，for）football。17．No one is exempt——（in，about，from，with）taxation in the United States。
18．The amount stated was exclusive——（from，of，in，on）tax。
