托福阅读真题第315篇EarlyEuropeanTapestries（答案文章最后）
大铜章Early European Tapestries
Tapestries, handwoven textiles made with different colored threads to produce designs or images, were highly popular in western and northern Europe between the thirteenth and venteenth centuries. The nobility at the time usually lived in big, austere, drafty castles, and tapestries provided comfort and warmth. They could be hung on cold walls or ud to cover doors and windows. Noble families often did not have a permanent home, instead moving periodically among veral locations. Tapestries, which were expensive, were usually packed and moved each time, bringing with them a n of luxury and familiarity.
Some of the most famous tapestries were woven from wool in Flanders (modern elgium), a region well-placed for tapestry production. Many of the plants that supplied dyes grew there. The leaves of the woad plant were ud to make blue, and madder root provided red. Yellow came from different materials, including onion skins and lemon peels, though most of the yellows faded quickly, thus also affecting the quality of green, which is a mixture of
blue and yellow. High-quality wool was not produced in Flanders but was readily imported from nearby England.
ecau of a long history of textile production, Flanders already boasted many skilled weavers and dyers when tapestry production began to increa, and this advantage grew in the late fifteenth century becau of unrest in Flanders' southern neighbor, France. Originally, Paris had been a center of tapestry production, but the turmoil produced by the Hundred Years' War between England and France (1337- 1453) caud many textile workers to relocate to Flanders or to the city of rras, which was then a part of the uchy of urgundy. Following the death of the duke of urgundy in 1477, the French king Louis XI conquered the territories around rras. Its inhabitants, still loyal to urgundy, then expelled all the French who had lived in the city. In retaliation, Louis attacked the town and, in turn, expelled the inhabitants loyal to urgundy, including the textile workers, many of whom fled to Flanders. Paris regained some of its strength in tapestry production in the venteenth century, when Louis XIV established the famed Gobelins workshops there.衣着
Tapestries were initially ud mostly for warmth, but their visual aspect later gained in importance. Tapestries often told a story. Many early tapestries were hung in churches and cathedrals; the often featured biblical scenes and were ud for teaching or religious devotion. However, the u of tapestries in churches later declined with the ri of Gothic architecture. ecau this new style emphasized light, churches had many more windows than before, reducing the space for tapestries. In homes, tapestries were still prized; they tended to show complex, varied scenes in vivid colors and provided visual unity to rooms. Historical or mythical scenes were popular, including depictions of heroes and heroines from Greek mythology and figures from European legend. mong the most famous tapestries is a t of six called The Lady and the Unicornpainful， now in the luny Muum in Paris. The tapestries, done in the intricate millefleurs design (with a background of many small flowers), all show an elegant lady accompanied by a unicorn and a lion. Five of them likely reprented the ns, but the meaning of the sixth, bearing an inscription sometimes translated as“my sole desire," is debatable.
Tapestries were often ud as symbols of power and success. nobleman would sometim
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世界上最强的枪>主持人开场白台词es commission a tapestry showing historical or mythical scenes that lent his family legitimacy or commemorating a battle his family had won. ecau the tapestry pieces declared status, they were often finer than other kinds of tapestries, sometimes being made with gold or silver thread. One magnificent group of tapestries, called the pocalyp of ngers , was commissioned by the duke of njou (France) in 1375. In hristian narratives, the pocalyp is the final battle between good and evil, which is symbolized in the tapestry by various images, like battles between angels and beasts. Some of the angels are holding flags showing the ross of njou, a symbol of the duke's territory. The tapestries were t probably designed to reprent the duke's wealth as well as to reinforce his authority as a ruler.
1.
►Tapestries, handwoven textiles made with different colored threads to produce designs or images, were highly popular in western and northern Europe between the thirteenth and venteenth centuries. The nobility at the time usually lived in big, austere, drafty cas
tles, and tapestries provided comfort and warmth. They could be hung on cold walls or ud to cover doors and windows. Noble families often did not have a permanent home, instead moving periodically among veral locations. Tapestries, which were expensive, were usually packed and moved each time, bringing with them a n of luxury and familiarity.
格莱美直播>安顺小吃2.
►Some of the most famous tapestries were woven from wool in Flanders (modern elgium), a region well-placed for tapestry production. Many of the plants that supplied dyes grew there. The leaves of the woad plant were ud to make blue, and madder root provided red. Yellow came from different materials, including onion skins and lemon peels, though most of the yellows faded quickly, thus also affecting the quality of green, which is a mixture of blue and yellow. High-quality wool was not produced in Flanders but was readily imported from nearby England.
