东北林业大学
2012－2013学年第一学期2010级英语专业期末考试试题B 考试科目：英语语言学概论考试时间:120分钟试卷总分:100分
Part I True or Fal (10 points) Directions: Decide whether each of the following statements is True or Fal.
1. English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part of the
tongue that is raid the highest.
2. Pragmatics is different from mantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation,
but in context.
3. Phonemes are the smallest meaningful units of sounds.
4. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the cond
element receives condary stress.
5. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories
such as number, ten, degree, and ca.
6. In a complex ntence, the two claus hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
7. The meaning of a ntence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.
8. Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.
9. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English becau Black English is not as
systematic as standard English.
10. The figurative u of language has the effect of making the concepts under discussion more
domestic and acceptable.
Part II Multiple Choices (40 points) Directions: There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.
1. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness肱二头肌
B. Displacement
C. Duality
D. Meaningfulness
2. According to F. de Saussure, ____ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the
members of a speech community.
A. parole
B. performance
C. langue
D. Language
3. A historical study of language is a ____ study of language.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. prescriptive
D. comparative
4. Language is said to be arbitrary becau there is no logical connection between _________
and meanings.
A. n
B. sounds
C. objects
D. ideas
5. The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are ____ sounds.
A. voiceless
B. voiced
C. vowel
D. consonantal
6. __________ is a voiced alveolar stop.
A. [z]
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B. [d]
C. [k]
D. [b]
7. The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a quential phoneme, thus making the two phones ____________.
A. identical
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B. same
C. exactly alike
D. similar
8. Saussure took a (n)__________ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a ________ point of view.
A. sociological…psychological
B. psychological…sociological
C. applied… pragmatic
D. mantic and linguistic
9. Bound morphemes are tho that ___________.
A. have to be ud independently
B. can not be combined with other morphemes
C. can either be free or bound
D. have to be combined with other morphemes.
10. “-s” in the word “books” is _______.
A. a derivative affix
B. a stem
C. an inflectional affix
D. a root
11. The ntence structure is ________.
A. only linear
B. Only hierarchical
C. complex
D. both linear and hierarchical
12. “John married a blond heiress.”__________ “John married a blond.”
A. is synonymous with
B. is inconsistent with
C. entails
D. presuppos
13. ___________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the
same form.
A. Polymy
B. Synonymy
C. Homonymy
D. Hyponymy
14. _________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic
world of experience.
A. Reference
B. Concept
C. Semantics
D. Sen
15. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be discted into meaning
components, called mantic features.
A. Predication analysis
B. Componential analysis
围棋级别C. Phonemic analysis中共七大的意义
D. Grammatical analysis
16. Syntax is the study of ______.
A. language functions
B. ntence structures
C. textual organization
D. word formation
17. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________ is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention;
it is the act performed in saying something.
A. a perlocutionary act
B. a locutionary act
C. a constative act
D. an illocutionary act
东北林业大学
2012－2013学年第一学期2010级英语专业期末考试试题B
18. The positional relations can also be called ________.
A. paradigmatic relation
B. vertical relations
C. associative relations
D. syntagmatic relations
19. A ntence which is ud to describe something and can be said to be true or fal is a
________.
A. constative
B. directive
C. utterance
D. expressive
20. “hot dog” with the first element stresd means________.
A. a dog which is hot
B. a barking dog
C. a kind of food
D. a dead dog
Part III Definitions (20 points) Directions: Define the following terms.
1. duality
2. consonant
3. grammatical subject & logical subject
4. gradable antonymy
Part ⅣAnswering Questions (30 points) Directions: Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for your illustration if necessary.
1. Language is generally defined as a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication. Explain it in detail.
2.Differentiate phone, phoneme and allophone by citing examples.
3. Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why?
标准答案及评分标准
考试科目：英语语言学概论考试时间：120分钟试卷总分:100分Part I True or Fal (10 points) 标准答案：1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. T
评分标准：本题共10小题，每答对一题得1分，共计10分。
Part II Multiple Choices (40 points) 标准答案：1. D 2. C 3. B 4.B 5. A 6. B 7.D 8.A 9. D 10. C
11. D 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 16.B 17.D 18. D 19. A 20. C
评分标准：本题共20小题，每答对一题得2分，共计40分。
Part III Definitions (20 points) 标准答案：1. duality: the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are compod of elements of the condary level and each of the
two levels has its own principles of organization.
2. consonant: a major category of sound gments, produced by a closure in the
vocal tract, or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without
producing audible friction.
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3. grammatical subject & logical subject: they are two terms accounting for the
ca of subject in passive voice. Take the ntences A dog bit John and John was
bitten by a dog as examples. Since the object noun (John in this ca) sits in the
slot before the verb in the passive, it is called grammatical subject, for the
original object noun phra occupies the grammatical space before a verb, the
space that a subject normally occupies; the subject (a dog), now the object of a
preposition (by a dog), is called a logical subject, since mantically the subject
生活中的小窍门大全still does what a subject normally does: it performs an action.
4. gradable antonymy: it is the n relation between two antonyms which differ
in terms of degree. There is an intermediate ground between the two. The denial
of one is not necessarily the asrtion of the other. Something which is not
“good” is not necessarily“bad”. It may simply be “so-so” or “average”.
评分标准：本题共4小题，每答对一题得5分，共计20分。
每题答案中的斜体部分为该题采分点。
Part ⅣAnswering Questions (30 points) 标准答案：1. First of all, language is a system, becau elements of language are combined according to rules. Secondly, language is arbitrary becau there is no intrinsic
connection between form and meaning, or between the sign and what it stands
for. Different languages have different words for the same object in the world.
This fact is a good illustration of the arbitrary nature of language. This also
explains the symbolic nature of language: words are just symbols; they are
associated with objects, actions, ideas, etc. by convention . Thirdly, l anguage is
东北林业大学
2012－2013学年第一学期2010级英语专业期末考试试题B vocal becau the primary medium is sound for all languages, no matter how
well - developed their writing systems are.
The term "human" in the definition indicates that language is possd by
human beings only and is very different from the communication systems of
other living creatures. The term "communication" means that language makes it
possible for its urs to talk to each other and fulfill their communicative needs.
2. Phones are the speech sounds we u when speaking a language. A phone is a
phonetic unit or gment. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do,
some don’t. A phoneme is a basic unit in phonology; it is a unit that is of
distinctive value. It is an abstract unit. It is not a sound, but a collection of
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distinctive phonetic features. In actual speech, a phoneme is realized
phonetically as a certain phone. The different phones which can reprent a
phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that
phoneme. Take the word “speak”for instance. It is pronounced [spi:k], each
sound in the transcription is a phone. And in the word “peak” and “speak”, the
aspirated [p] and unaspirated [p] are the allophones of the same phoneme /p/.
3. Synonymy refers to the sameness or clo similarity of meaning. Words that are
clo in meaning are called synonyms. Total synonymy is rare.The so-called
synonyms are all context dependent. They all differ in one way or another.
1) Dialectal synonyms ---- synonyms ud in different regional dialects, e.g.
autumn - fall, biscuit - cracker, petrol – gasoline
2) Stylistic synonyms ----synonyms differing in style, e.g. kid, child, offspring;
start, begin, commence;
3) Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning, e.g.
collaborator- accomplice,
4) Collocational synonyms, e.g. accu…of, charge…with, rebuke…for;
5) Semantically different synonyms, e.g. amaze, astound.
评分标准：本题共3小题，每答对一题得10分，共计30分。
每题答案中的斜体部分为该题采分点。
