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第一篇
Informing the World
excel排序怎么排 Every day, the news of the world is relayed to people by over 300 million copies of daily papers, over 400 million radio ts, and over 150 million television ts. Additional news is shown by motion pictures, in theatres and cinemas all over the world. As more people learn what the important events of the day are, fewer are still concerned exclusively with the events of their own houhold. As the English writer John Donne put it nearly four hundred years ago, "no man is an island. " This idea is more appropriate today than it was when Donne lived. In short, wherever he lives, a man belongs to some society; and we are becoming more and more aware that whatever happens in one particular society affects, somehow, the life and destiny of all humanity.
Newspapers have been published in the modern world for about four hundred years. Most
of the newspapers printed today are read in Europe and North America. However, soon they may be read in all parts of the world, thanks to the new inventions that are changing the techniques of newspaper publishing.
Electronics and automation have made it possible to produce pictures and text far more quickly than before. Photographic reproduction eliminates the need for type and printing press. And fewer specialists, such as type-tters, are needed to produce a paper or magazine by the photo-offt (照相平板胶印) method. Therefore, the publishing of newspapers and magazines becomes more economical. Furthermore, photo-copies can be nt over great distances now by means of television channels and satellites such as Telstar. Thus, pictures can be brought to the public more quickly than previously.
Machines that prepare printed texts for photo-copies are being ud a great deal today. Thousands of letters and figures of different sizes and thickness can now be arranged on a black glass disc that is only eight inches in diameter, to be printed in negative form(white on a black background). The disc on the machine turns constantly at the rate
of ten revolutions a cond. A beam of light from a slroboscopic (频闪的) lamp shines on the desired letters and figures for about I wo-millionths of a cond. Then the image of the letters and figures that were illuminated is projected onto a film through lens. The ction of film is large enough to hold the equivalent of a page of text. There is a keyboard in front of the machine that is similar to the keyboard of a typewriter, and the machine operator has only to strike the proper keys for the image of the corresponding letters to be immediately transferred to the film. The negative image on the film can quickly be transferred onto paper. This method makes it as easy to reproduce photographs and illustrations as it is to reproduce the text itlf.
银国 Film, being light and small, can be nt rapidly to other places and ud to print copies of the text where they are needed. Film images can also be projected easily on a movie or television screen. Television broadcasts are limited to an area that is within sight of the nding station or its relay ( 中继 ). Although television relays are often placed on hills and mountains so that they can cover a wider region, they still can not cover more land than one could e from the same hilltop on a clear day. However, the rays also go out int
金箍棒钢笔o the atmosphere, and if there is a relay station on a satellite that revolves around the earth, it can transmit the pictures to any point on the earth from which the satellite is visible. Three satellites permanently revolving over the equator transmit any television program to any part of the earth. This makes it possible for world editions of newspapers to give the news in all countries at the same time. Some day it may be possible for a subscriber to a televid newspaper to press a button and e a newspaper page on his television screen. He could also decide when he wants the page to turn, and, by dialling different numbers such as tho on a telephone dial, he could choo the language or the edition of the paper he wants to read. It ems strange to think that, even today, methods of the past are not entirely uless. For example, sometimes press agencies that u radio and Telstar u carrier pigeons to nd messages between offices in large cities becau the pigeons are not bothered by traffic problems.
It may be some time before television ts become common in the average homes in Africa and Asia. However, radio is already rapidly becoming accessible to thousands of people in the areas. And, now that good radios are being made with transistors, and th
eir price is gradually dropping becau of mass production, it may not be" too long before radios become commonplace in areas which have no newspapers. Transistors make it possible for people to carry small radios wherever they go, without need of electric current. Even television ts are now operating on transistors, and the pocket TV may soon be as widespread
荷式篮球
as the pocket radio.
Now that scientific progress is making it possible to nd the news to all the
inhabitants of the earth, it will be important to consider what news is going to be nt to them. No matter what criteria are ud in making the decision, a decision must be made, since no one would' have time to read or listen to an account of everything there is going on in the world!
People who have time to read veral papers can already compare different reports of the same event. When an event has political significance, each paper reports it from the
开始答题point of view of its own political beliefs or preferences. Ideally, of cour, the expression of editorial opinion should be limited to the editorial page, and the news articles should be objective—telling the facts as completely as possible, without trying to give them a particular interpretation, or without otherwi trying to influence the reader's opinion. However, reporters and editors are only human, and if they have strong political beliefs it is almost impossible for them to hide them. If editors believe their point of view is best for the readers of their paper, what's to stop them from using the paper to try to influence public opinion? And if, some day, a world newspaper becomes a reality, will it be the most powerful press agencies that will choo the news to be nt out to all countries?
