The document was prepared on January 2, 2021
独立主格结构
独立主格结构
I. 独立主格结构的基本概念
由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构.
II. 独立主格结构的基本构成形式及功能
独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况.
1、名词或代词主格 + 分词
①The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录.
②Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步.
2、名词或代词主格 + 形容词
①Computers very small, we can u them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们.
② The clothes very dirty, you'd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧
3、名词或代词主格 + 不定式
The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了.
4、名词或代词主格 + 介词短语
① Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷.
② There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花.
5、名词或代词主格 + 副词
① The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室.
② The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了.
III. 独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的异同孙悟空的简笔画
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1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句.但是,独立主格结构转换为状语从句后,它有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不一致例①.而分词短语转换为状语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语一致例②.
① If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 转换为:
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Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. 如果时间允许,我们最好周末去度假.
②When we e from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.转换为:
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Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. 从山顶上看,我们发现这个城市更美了.
2、还必须注意,分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致,也可以是主句的其它成分,语法上称作"依着法则"例①.而如果一个分词结构在句子中找不到它的逻辑主语,语法上称作"悬垂分词"例②.
①Searching for the thief in the city, it had taken the policemen a long time. 在城市里搜查小偷,花费了警察很长一段时间.
以二开头的成语 ② When planting the flowers, care must be taken not to damage the roots. 人们种这些花时必须小心,不要损坏了花根.
IV. 独立主格结构与独立成分的异同
1、有些分词短语可以独立存在,在句子中没有逻辑上的主语,实际上已经变成了习惯用法.这些短语有:
Generally speaking 总的说来,Frankly speaking 坦率地说,Judging from 从……判断,Supposing 假设,等等.
① Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand. 桑葚酒的制作方法总的说来,这条规则很容易懂.
②Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man. 由他所说的来判断,他一定是一个诚实的人.品质提升改善方案
2、有些固定短语是带 to 的不定式,表明说话人的立场或态度,在句中作独立成分.这些短语有: to be honest老实说,to be sure 确实,to tell you the truth 说实话,to cut a long story short 长话短说,to be frank 坦率地说,to make matters / things wor 更糟糕的是,等等.
① To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling. 说实话,我犯了一个拼写错误.
② To make things wor, many of the men have gone off to cities in arch of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work. 新鲜的近义词是什么情况更糟的是,许多男人都去城市找工资较高的工作,而留下附近村庄的妇女来继续承担修复工作.
