2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案SectionⅠU of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choo the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1（10 points）
The human no is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be innsitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely becau, 2 animals, we stand upright. This means that our nos are 3 to perceiving tho smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact 5, we are extremely nsitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our nos are capable of 7 human smells even when the are 8 to far below one part in one million.
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are nsitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be becau some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the no. The receptors are the cells which n smells and nd 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people innsitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become nsitive to it when 13 to it often enough.
The explanation for innsitivity to smell ems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually nsitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own hou but we 18 new smells when we visit someone el's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while
2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides
3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined
4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking
5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore
6.[A]even if[B]if only[C]only if[D]as if
7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting
明年英语8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[D]diffud
9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas
10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical
11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impuls
12.[A]at first[B]at all[C]at larg[D]at times
13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]expod
14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient
15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create
16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwi[D]nevertheless
17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired
18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice
19.[A]availabe[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable
20.[A]similar to[B]such as[C]along with[D]aside from
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1（40 points）Text 1
Everybody loves a fat pay ri. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed n of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.
四个字祝福语大全
The rearchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much clor attent ion to the value of“goods and rvices”than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal's；study. The rearchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in parate but adjoining chambers, so that each could obrve what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods（and much preferable to cucumbers）So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the cond was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tosd her own token at the rearcher or out of the chamber, or refud to；accept the slice of cucumber Indeed, the mere prence of a grape in the other chamber（without an actual monkey to eat it）was enough to reduce rentment in a female capuchin.
The rearches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the
wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it ems, are not the prerve of people alone, Refusing a lesr reward completely makes the feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a n of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by
A. posing a contrast.
B. justifying an assumption.
共青团历史C. making a comparison.
D. explaining a phenomenon.
22. The statement“it is all too monkey”（Last line, paragraph l）implies that
A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
B. renting unfairness is also monkeys'nature.
C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
23.Female capuchin monkeys were chon for the rearch most probably becau they are
A. more inclined to weigh what they get.
B. attentive to rearchers'instructions.
C. nice in both appearance and temperament.
D. more generous than their male companions
24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
A. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
B. can be taught to exchange things.
可靠理财
C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
D. are unhappy when parated from others.
25. What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
Text 2
烟台旅游攻略Do you remember all tho years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure？That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain？That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way？Lots of Americans bought that nonn, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are uptting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White Hou, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourlves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this keypoint in te preface to the panel's repor“Science never h all the answers But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that out nation and the world ba important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future conquences of prent actions.”
英语歌Just as on smoking voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it's Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. this is a dangerous game：by the 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent
people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White Hou is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a majority of the president's advirs still don't take global warming riously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more rearch-a classic ca of“paralysis by a nalysis”.
To rve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic rearch But rearch alone is inadequate. If the Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conrvation measures A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising start Many e that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that tho new plants be environmentally sound.
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
A. there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
B. the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
C. people had the freedom to choo their own way of life.
D. antismoking people were usually talking nonn.
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can rve as
A. a protector.
B. a judge.
C. a critic.
D. a guide.
28. What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”（Last line, paragraph 4）
A. Endless studies kill action.
口红怎么做B. Careful investigation reveals truth.
C. prudent planning hinders.
D. Extensive rearch helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about
A. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
B. Rai public awareness of conrvation.
C. Press for further scientific rearch.
D. Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking becau
A. they both suffered from the government's negligence.
B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
D. both of them have turned from bad to wor.
Text 3
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams em to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams
雪中悍刀行读后感were the disguid shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists h
ad switched to thinking of them as just“mental noi”the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now rearchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is“off-line”And one leading authority says that the intenly powerful mental events can be not only harnesd but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It's your dream”say s Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center.“If you don't like it, change it.”
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM（rapid eye movement）sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system（the“emotional brain”）is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex（the center of intellect and reasoning）is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy of depresd, and tho feelings can stay with us all day”sa ys Stanford sleep rearcher Dr, William Dement.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exerci conscious control over recurring bad dreams As soon as you awaken, identify what is uptting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its cour. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sle
ep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of“we wake u in a panic, ”Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of incurity have incread people's anxiety. Tho suffering from persistent nightmares should ek help from a therapist For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
31. Rearchers have come to believe that dreams
A. can be modified in their cours.
B. are susceptible to emotional changes.
C. reflect our innermost desires and fears.
D. are a random outcome of neural repairs.
32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show
A. its function in our dreams.
B. the mechanism of REM sleep.
C. the relation of dreams to emotions.
D. its difference from the prefrontal cortex.
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to
A. aggravate in our unconscious mind.
B. develop into happy dreams.
C. persist till the time we fall asleep.
D. show up in dreams early at night.
34.Cartwright ems to suggest that
A. waking up in time is esntial to the ridding of bad dreams.
