丝袜奶茶EXERCISE 28 - SLING LOAD OPERATIONS
水瓶男遇到真爱的反应One of the features of the helicopter, which ts it aside from other aircraft, is the ability to transport many different types of loads suspended from a cargo hook. This unique transportation method allows the helicopter to deliver cargo where even it cannot land, and to perform highly specialized tasks such as water bucketing, logging, and aerial construction. It is esntial that to carry out safe slinging operations, the pilot and ground personnel involved be thoroughly conversant with the techniques required.
鱼籽怎么做好吃For the purpo of this exerci and indeed, for any slinging that you do operationally, carefully lect the routes that you will fly to ensure that you do not overfly built-up areas to minimize the danger to persons or property. Your instructor will review with you Sections 602.16 and 602.23 of the Canadian Aviation Regulations prior to the conduct of this exerci.
PRE-FLIGHT CHECKS
Prior to conducting any slinging operations you should carry out the following checks in addition to your normal pre-flight inspection:
1. check the cargo hook is correctly fitted and undamaged, and that all suspension, electrical
and mechanical cables are cure and there is no evidence of fraying or chafing;
2. check that the normal relea mechanism is fully functional by physically checking that the
hook opens when the relea is activated;
3. check that the emergency relea system is functional by physically checking that the hook
operates when the emergency relea is activated;
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4. inspect all slings, straps, and nets for general condition. Frayed and worn equipment could
prent a hazard in flight. Ensure that the available equipment is capable of safely carrying the weight of the planned load; and
5. inspect your mirror and position it so that you can e comfortably from your at.
Having satisfied yourlf that all helicopter and sling equipment is rviceable, you may brief any ground personnel that you may have assisting you. This type of operation requires a qualified ground crew, appropriated equipment and a good coordination of the team. It is important that you cl
early establish what signals you will u during the operation, including the actions of both the ground crew and you, should an emergency occur during the hook-up or load relea phas. Standard hand signals to be ud during slinging are shown in the following diagram.
Figure 28-1: Marshalling Signals for Helicopters
All external loads may be categorized as one of: high density, low density or aerodynamic. The high-density load will be stable while the low density will be decidedly unstable; the aerodynamic load may exhibit both characteristics. You should study the load to determine
which description best suits it, and then estimate how it will likely fly.
超验主义Whenever possible, position the load so that you can hover the helicopter into wind during the pick-up procedure. This will provide for the most stable hover. If assisted, the marshaller should be positioned in plain view, back to the wind. Usually this will be slightly right of directly in front of the cockpit, about 50 feet away from the helicopter. This position will allow the marshaller to monitor the load as it is lifted off the ground, and to obrve a wide area around the helicopter in the interest of safety. It will also make sure that the pilot can e the marshaller. Once in the hover over the load, at the appropriate height, lect some easily visible references. Keep the in view as you increa the hover height after hook-up to maintain as vertical a liftoff as possible.
During the hook-up, ground personnel should not position themlves between the load and the helicopter; include this point in your pre-flight briefing. Once the load is attached to the hook, you ma
y commence a slow vertical ascent until the sling becomes taut and the helicopter is centred over the load. Brief the marshaller to position the helicopter directly over the load once you have lifted into the hover. Continue increasing collective while crosschecking the manifold pressure gauge (or torquemeter on turbine engined helicopters) to determine whether sufficient power is available for the transition to forward flight. This portion of the takeoff should be made smoothly to ensure that the load is cure and properly rigged prior to the transition.
THE TAKEOFF
Once you are satisfied that all criteria have been met for flight, initiate an altitude over airspeed transition to forward flight. This type of takeoff will ensure that obstacle clearance is achieved rapidly. When at a safe height, allow the airspeed to increa slowly to a speed that will allow the most control over the load. Check for limitations in the flight manual, in any event it is of little advantage to fly faster than 90 mph with any sling load. As the speed increas, pay attention to the flying characteristics of the load and, should oscillations begin, smoothly reduce the airspeed. In this way, you will establish the maximum safe flying speed for your load. Once safely into forward flight, lect the cargo hook master switch to “off” (if your helicopter is so equipped).
It is important to reduce the airspeed at the first sign of an oscillation, but do not lower the collective rapidly. All control inputs should be gentle and smooth. Reducing collective (and thereby airspeed) and entering a shallow bank has often proven effective in reducing load oscillations.
APPROACH TO RELEASE POINT
6年级上册语文If at all possible, plan your approach into wind to preclude the possibility of entering a situation where there is insufficient power available to arrest the descent. An approach angle slightly steeper than normal will ensure that obstacle clearance is provided until the helicopter is over the load relea point. Attempt to “fly the load”, obrving its speed over the ground, to avoid overshooting the relea point. Perform a pre-landing check and t the cargo hook master switch to “on”. Control your rate of descent.
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When the helicopter has stabilized over the load, smoothly lower the collective to begin a controlled rate of descent, until the load is on gently placed on the ground. Further lower the collective to create slack in the sling. Depending on the weight of the load, there may be a considerable reduction in collective at this point. Once the sling is slack, relea the hook. Before clearing the area, verify that the load has in fact relead, and the sling has not hung up, by checking in your mirror or moving a little to one side.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
A study of helicopter accidents in Canada will reveal that many are associated with slinging operations. Most are preventable. Plan the slinging you undertake, estimate the flying characteristics of the load, and fly with accuracy and precision. Never let the oscillations of the load reach a magnitude that endangers you and the helicopter; far better to jettison the load than to lo the helicopter. In the event of any emergency in flight jettison the load. UNUSUAL LOADS谎言西西里
Over the years, you will be asked to sling different loads. In the diagrams below are veral ideas, which have worked over the years. Most loads should be comparable to one of the following:
Figure 28-2: Barrel Lifts
Figure 28-3: Sling Lifts Figure 28-4: Sling Lifts
Figure 28-5: Swivel
